Works of Shakespeare and historical stylistics - Курсовая работа

Contents Introduction Chapter 1. William Shakespeare - the father of English literature and “the great author of America” 1.1 Shakespeare’s place in English drama of 16th century 1.2 Shakespeare’s works: classification and chronology 1.3 Shakespeare’s influence on American English Chapter 2. The Language of Shakespeare 2.1 Morphological peculiarities 2.2 Literary Devices in Shakespeare’s works 2.3 The development of Shakespeare’s style Conclusion List of literature Introduction William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised) - 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist. By that time England had become a powerful state, but there was not much change for the better in the life of the English people and the power of money grew stronger. Shakespeare saw these contrasts and showed them in his works. All the writing of Shakespeare deal with love, life and death and these universal themes get beautiful touch by him. His poetry and dramas reflect that he had extraordinary knowledge of human psychology. Therefore, his characters have become memorable in the field of literature. Shakespeare explored poetry and drama but it is drama that brought fame for him. Even his dramas are poetically crafted. Poetry is inseparable from his writing. He has given immortal lines. “To be or not to be” is oft quoted line from “Hamlet” that is reflected in a modern man who is caught in the same idea of perplexity. This work is relevant because with its help we can learn more about Shakespeare’s influence not only on English literature but language. Words and phrases from Shakespeare’s writings have become part of the English language and are used by all. That is why, this theme is so actual. The aim is to read the grammatical and stylistic techniques that were used by Shakespeare. The object of work is a process of influencing of Shakespearian language on English literature and American English. The subject is analysis of Shakespeare’s works. The information base of investigation is journal and newspaper articles, articles published in scholarly books, textbooks, and publications on the Internet. Chapter 1. William Shakespeare - the father of English literature and “the great author of America” 1.1 Shakespeare’s place in English drama of 16th century 16th century was the period of rapid literature development in England. Suppressive French influence on state sphere and culture was negotiated. National typography developed violently. Also many temporal and turned books appeared during that period. Bible’s translation into English was of great importance. There were two trends aught to the problem of regulatory language among the 16th century writers. Edmund Spenser was the representative of first trend and William Shakespeare - of second one. Edmund Spenser is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of Modern English verse in its infancy, and is considered one of the greatest poets in the English language. Though Spenser was well read in classical literature, scholars have noted that his poetry does not rehash tradition, but rather is distinctly his. This individuality may have resulted, to some extent, from a lack of comprehension of the classics. Spenser strove to emulate such ancient Roman poets as Virgil and Ovid, whom he studied during his schooling, but many of his best-known works are notably divergent from those of his predecessors. The language of his poetry is purposely archaic, reminiscent of earlier works such as The Canterbury Tales of Geoffrey Chaucer and II Canzoniere of Francesco Petrarca, whom Spenser greatly admired. Spenser was called a Poets’ Poet and was admired by William Wordsworth, John Keats, Lord Byron, and Alfred Lord Tennyson, among others. During Shakespeare’s lifetime, the English language experiences a significant growth spurt in both the number of words and the variety of syntactical structures in which words can be employed. While writers are bringing numerous words from Latin into English, they are also experimenting with syntax to achieve the accuracy and the expressive range of lost inflections. This freedom of experimentation is unhampered by established systems of rules and usage that might confine the range of meaning of individual words or that might restrict the ways in which words are combined and ordered. Shakespeare thus writes not only in a linguistically rich field, but also in an age where there is little grammatical strictness. Like dictionaries, grammar books were written for (and associated with) foreign languages rather than English. Some people today reading Shakespeare for the first time complain that the language is difficult to read and understand, yet we are still using hundreds of words and phrases coined by him in our everyday conversation. Here are some of the most popular Shakespeare phrases in common use today[15]: § A laughing stock (The Merry Wives of Windsor); § A