The middle ages: the Plantagenets in England 1154-1399 - Курсовая работа

МИНОБРНАУКИ РОССИИ Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова» Факультет иностранных языков Кафедра романо-германских языков КУРСОВАЯ РАБОТА по дисциплине: История Великобритании и США на тему: The middle ages: the Plantagenets in England 1154-1399 Выполнила: студентка группы 2А-13 Краснова К.В. Научный руководитель: старший преподаватель Шиканова А.Н. г. Чебоксары 2014 г Contents Introduction Chapter 1. Royal dynasty in England from 1154-1272 1.1 Henry II - Curtmantie, the first English king 1.2 Richard I Coeur de Lion - Richard Yes-and-No 1.3 John Lackland - Cursed the name of Plantagenet Chapter 2. Strengthening of the feudal state in subsequent Plantagenet 2.1 Henry III - Instigator of the Civil War 2.2 Edward I - The founder of the estate monarchy 2.3 Edward II - The Black Prince of Wales 2.4 Edward III - Start of the Hundred Years War during the reign of Elizabeth Ш 2.5 Richard II - The last ruler of the dynasty Plantagenet Conclusion Bibliography plantagenet dynasty richard INTRODUCTION The topic of our term paper called Plantagenet Dynasty in the Middle Ages. The aim of our work is to examine the question of the Plantagenet dynasty: its significance in the history of Great Britain. For the disclosure of this goal we have to solve the following problem. 1. Familiarize with the history of the origin of the Plantagenet dynasty. 2. Determine who is the founder of the Plantagenet dynasty. 3. To study representatives of the Plantagenet dynasty. At the same time, it should be noted the development of England in 12-14 centuries, when the Plantagenet dynasty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a monarchy, now Parliamentary and once an absolute one. That’s why the history of the country closely connected with the history of Royal dynasties. The object of study in this work is the Plantagenet dynasty. The history of England is subject of this work. Speaking about royal dynasties in England we should take in mind the fact, that the first one appeared in the country with the Norman invasion in 1066. In the ancient time after Anglo-Saxon invasion the country consisted of small kingdoms each ruled by its own king. Their representatives (Chieftains of the kingdoms)- the Witan - chose king of England (for example Edward the Confessor). It was William the Conqueror, who began the first dynasty - House of Normandy. William I the Conqueror -Duke of Normandy (1035-1087) invaded England, defeated and killed his rival Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King of England. With the coronation of William the new period in history of England began. England turned into a centralizes , strong feudal monarchy. The period of small kingdoms ended and started the Era of Absolute Monarchy. William was Duke of Normandy and at the same time the King of England. He controlled two large areas: Normandy - inherited from his father and England - he won it. Both areas were his personal possession. To William the only difference was that in France he had a King above him and he had to serve him. In England he had nobody above him. Nobody could say who he was - an Englishman or a Frenchman. The Norman Conquest of England was completed by 1072 aided by the establishment of feudalism under which his followers were granted land in return for pledges of service and loyalty. As King William was noted for his efficient harsh rule. His administration relied upon Norman and other foreign personnel especially Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1085 started Domesday Book. In this book there was the reflection of what happened to England. The next kings were kings of Plantagenet’s dynasty. We have chosen the history of this dynasty as a subject for my course paper because, on the one hand, being a student of the English language we can’t but be interested in the history of this country, and, on the other hand, not so much is written about the Plantagenet’s kings, among which there were such world-known persons as Richard-the-Lion Heart and John Lackland. Chapter I. Royal dynasty in England from 1154-1272 House of Plantagenet. The Plantagenet dynasty took its name form the “planta Genesta” (Latine), or broom, traditionally an emblem of the counts of Anjou. Geoffrey is the only true Plantagenet so-called, because he wore a spring of broom-genet in his cap. It was a personal nickname, such as Henry’s “Curt-manted”. Soon this nick-name habit was to die, to be replaced by names taken from one’s birthplace. Members of this dynasty ruled over England from 1154 till 1399. However, in conventional historical usage , Henry II (son of Count Geoffrey of Anjou) and his sons Richard I and John are Normandy termed the Angeving kings, and their successors, up to Richard II, the Plantagenets. The term Plantagenet was not used until about 1450, when Richard, Duke of York, called himself by it in order to emphasize his