The concept of territory geoplanning in Ukrainian geography - Топик

The concept of territory geoplanning in Ukrainian geography O. Topchiev, V. Oliynuk T. Melnuchenko Introduction Х-th congress of the Ukrainian geographical society took place in march of 2008, on which geoinformation and geoplanning paradigm were discussed as conducting directions in modern geography [2, 9]. General scheme of territory planning of Ukraine is developed and authorized in 2001 [3]. Presently, the territory planning schemes are developed for some regions of country. The concept of territory geoplanning was included in methodology and practice of modern Ukrainian geography. It is necessary to notice, that in the past as the geographical discipline a so-called regional planning has received development, which developed the project schemes of settlements and location of economy for rather small planning raions. The territory geoplanning deduces this problem on a qualitatively new level - regions, countries and continents. The purpose of territory planning (geoplanning) is a formation of comfortable social-natural environment of people live activity, greatest possible preservation of natural-resource potential of territory, safe and convenient settlements of population, economically effective and ecologically safe location of economic activity, maintenance rational koevolutional, noosferical interaction of society with nature. We offer for discussion the synthetic approach to problems of territory planning, in which the integrated components of a landscape environment - nature, population, economy are considered, and in the chapter of a corner the substantiation of their rational spatial combinations and interactions on each site, in each region, in each country as a whole is put. Briefly we shall consider the main methodological principles of territory planning of regions used in the Ukrainian geography. The analysis of a role and place of region in an economic complex of the country The socio-economic functions of region in the country are caused by its geographical location, including its geopolitical and geoeconomic location, by natural-resource, labor-resource, infrastructural potential, level and type of economic development, features of structure and specialization of economy, volume of foreign economic activities, depth of socio-economic reforms. The functions, on which the region occupies conducting positions in the country, should be priority and in development of the schemes of territory planning, serve a majorant in a substantiation of its perspective territorial organization. And on the contrary, there is not enough important socio economic functions of region suppose those or their other transformations, and including in a context of territory planning. Formation of a natural framework of region ecological safety. The methodology of nature protection and maintenance of ecological safety essentially changes last years in Ukraine. In 1970 years orienteers of ecological safety of territory the extreme allowable concentration (EAC) of polluting substances in an environment were mained. The ecologists carry out monitoring of hot points - places of choices and dumps of pollution, standardized and regulated them. The specification of natural-reserved fund (NRF) was legislatively established later: in each region and in the country as a whole NRF should make not less than 5% of the general area. This specification with all evidence is small and besides not differenced for different zones. In 1990 years the Ukrainian geographers have apprehended the concept of ecological networks developed by the European Union. According to the Seville strategy (1995) in Europe the formation of ecological network began which further was extended on the countries of East Europe in the form of a so-called Emerald ecological network. During 2000-2004 years in Ukraine the laws on formation of a national ecological network of Ukraine were accepted and the development of the program of creation of ecological network for the period 2000-2015 years is begun. Since 2000 the development of the concepts and programs of formation of regional ecological networks (in regions and Autonomic Republic (AR) of Crimea) is conducted. In some regions [5, 6] and AR of Crimea this work is already completed. Such way, now the ecological safety of regions is regulated by three criteria in Ukraine: 1) not breaking limit of ELC of the basic pollution in emissions and dumps of ecologically dangerous objects; 2) presence NRF at a level of the specification (not less than 5% of territory); 3) generated ecological network, which forms a natural skeleton of ecological safety of region.