Shanghai Cooperation Organization and security problems in Central Asia - Курсовая работа

Then all six heads of state signed on 15 June 2001, the Declaration of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, praising the role played thus far by the Shanghai Five mechanism and aiming to transform it to a higher level of cooperation. On 16 July 2001, Russia and the PRC, the organization’s two leading nations, signed the Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation. In June 2002, the heads of the SCO member states met in Saint Petersburg, Russia. There they signed the SCO Charter, which expounded on the organization’s purposes, principles, structures and form of operation, and established it in international law. Its six full members account for 60% of the land mass of Eurasia and its population is a quarter of the worlds. With observer states included, its affiliates account for about half of the worlds population. In July 2005, at its fifth and watershed summit in Astana (Kazakhstan) with representatives of India, Iran, Mongolia and Pakistan attending an SCO summit for the first time, the president of the host country, Nursultan Nazarbayev, greeted the guests in words that had never before been used in any context: The leaders of the states sitting at this negotiation table are representatives of half of humanity. By 2007, the SCO had initiated over twenty large-scale projects related to transportation, energy and telecommunications and held regular meetings of security, military, defense, foreign affairs, economic, cultural, banking and other officials from its member states. In addition, the anniversary summit in Astana on 15 June 2011 outlined new horizon of cooperation and identified concrete measures for reinforcing its activity. In 2013, was organized the study in a way allowing tracking the SCO creation and evolution, to outline the main aspects of its activity, to comprehend the ways in which China, Russia, and other countries of Central Asia approach the Organization, to define its role in providing regional security, and to explore the energy track in its activity. My course work is mostly based on this study, which was conducted in the framework of a joint project with the Belarusian State University in Minsk. Individual experts were attracted, as well as the Kazakh institute for Strategic Studies (KISS). Presented to the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF, www.dcaf.ch) 1. Membership Currently, SCO comprises six member countries - its founders: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. SCO is Eurasian political, economic and military organization, which was founded in 2001 in Shanghai by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. These countries, except for Uzbekistan had been members of the Shanghai 5 (Five), founded in 1996; after the inclusion of Uzbekistan in 2001, the members renamed the organization. On July 10, 2015, the SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members, and they are expected to join by 2016. India and Pakistan are Acceding States their Membership approved on July 2015. Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran and Mongolia are the Observer States. Dialogue partners are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Turkey. ASEAN, CIS and Turkmenistan attend only as a guest. The organization is not closed. The opportunity for including new members was provide in Par. 7 of the declaration, and the mechanism of acceptance explained in detail in Article 13 of the SCO Charter. At the same time, as noted in the doctrine, the attitude of the SCO member states to its enlargement in quite different. The largest members of the Organization (Russia and China) claim that such a move is premature. The Council meets three times a year (SCO Charter, Art. 9, Declaration, Paragraph 11); · RATS is a permanent body of the SCO whose mission is to coordinate the fight against international terrorism, separatism and extremism (SCO Charter, Art. 10; RATS Agreement, Art. 3,6). Located in Bishkek (RATS Agreement, Art. 2); · Secretariat - a permanent administrative organ of the SCO, Located in Beijing (SCO Charter, Art. 11). Based on the decisions of the Council of Heads of SCO member states, three nongovernmental agencies were created to enhance cooperation in the field of economy and education, namely the SCO Interbank Association (2005), which includes the Kazakhstan Development Bank, China Development Bank, the Russian Vnesheconombank, the National Bank of Tajikistan the National Bank for Foreign Economic Affairs of Uzbekistan; the SCO Business Council (2006), bringing together representatives of the business community of the Member States22; and the SCO Forum (2006) - a multilateral public consultation and expert mechanism, which includes research institutions of the Member States (the institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of Uzbekistan, institute of Strategic Analysis and Evolution of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, China institute of International Studies, the Int