Problems of corpus linguistics - Курсовая работа

Table of contents Introduction 1. Corpus Linguistics 1.1 Development of Corpus Linguistics 1.2 Main Object of Study in Corpus Linguistics - Corpus 1.3 Stages of corpora development 1.4 Types of corpora 2. Corpora and translation 2.1 The use of electronic translation resources in translation industry 2.2 Machine translation 2.3 Bilingual parallel corpora as a translation resource 3. The Use of the Articles 3.1 General characteristics of the English definite and indefinite articles 3.2 The Articles in Specific Reference 3.2.1 Uses of the Definite Article 3.2.2 Uses of the Indefinite Article 3.3 The Articles in Generic Reference 3.3.1 The Generic Use of the Definite Article 3.3.2 The Generic Use of the Indefinite Article 3.3.3 The Generic Use of the Zero Article 4. Translation and Differences in a Language Concept 4.1 Equivalence in Translation 4.1.1 Types of Equivalence 4.2 Non-equivalence 4.2.1 Types of Non-Equivalence at Word Level 5. Translation Equivalents of the English Articles 5.1 The English-Czech Corpus KACENKA 5.2 Methods of Research 5.3 Analysis of the Translation Equivalents 5.3.1 Translation Equivalents of the Definite Article in Specific Reference 5.3.2 Translation Equivalents of the Indefinite Article in Specific and Generic Reference Conclusion Bibliography Primary Sources Secondary Sources Printed Sources Electronic Sources translation article language english Introduction This thesis deals with translation equivalents of English articles into Czech language. It is based on a research on the English-Czech parallel corpus KACENKA (Korpus anglicko-cesky-elektronicky nastroj Katedry anglistiky) version 1.0, 1998 created by Ing. Mgr. Jiri Rambousek and PhDr. Jana Chamonikolasova from the Department of English and American Studies, the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University in Brno. The thesis interconnects linguistics and translation, specifically corpus linguistics, grammar and the problem of non-equivalence in translation. English and Czech are typologically different languages, which implies that their grammatical systems, apart from other constituents of language, differ to a great extent. Czech language lacks the grammatical category of articles, therefore, no direct translation equivalents of English articles can be found in a dictionary. However, English articles influence the translation into Czech in two aspects. The first aspect is the functional sentence perspective (FSP) introduced by Jan Firbas. This aspect deals with distinguishing between the “new” and the “given” (the terms such as the topic-focus or the theme-rheme respectively are also used). Thus, this aspect deals rather with the influence of articles on a translation rather than finding their translation equivalents. This aspect is dealt with in Ivana Hruzova?s B.A. Minor Thesis defended in 2006. The latter aspect is lexical. It is this particular aspect which will be dealt with in this thesis. Although English articles have no direct equivalents in Czech, there are certain cases where the translation equivalents of the indefinite article correspond with the respective forms of the Czech indefinite pronoun nejaky, jakysi and the definite article is translated into Czech by using the respective forms of the demonstrative pronoun ten. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to verify this assumption and to examine whether any other translation equivalents of articles can be found. A part of The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling called Mowgli?s Brothers comprised in KACENKA will be examined. Its translation by Milos Maixner from 1911, called “Kniha dzungli” and another translation by Aloys and Hana Skoumalovi from 1965, called “Prvni kniha dzungli“ will be searched for direct translation equivalents. Both translations will be compared from the point of view of the direct translation equivalents found. In addition, the instances, where one of the translators used a different translation strategy than a direct translation equivalent, will be compared. The instances from the original text together with their translations will be organized on the basis of Quirk?s classification of the use of articles in specific and generic reference discussed in The Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. The nature of the original text must be taken into consideration as it mainly deals with animals and nature, which may condition the frequency of specific and generic reference respectively. Additionally, the text examined represents a rather little sample.Therefore, all the types of specific and generic reference listed by Quirk may be found in the original text, however, probably not all of them will be found in the translations.The original text contains 1548 occurences of the definite article and 494 occurences of the indefinite article (a: 471 occurrences, an: 23 occurrences). Finding these data was enabled by Bonito, a corpus manager. It is a specialized software which enables the user to search the corpus effectively and process the data found. Th