Problems in reading speeds comprehension - Статья

Introduction The thesis is devoted to the research of the communicative and pragmatic values of sentences which belong to living, productive syntactic means of language and should find the due reflection both in theoretical linguistic description and in practical language teaching. In this work the main peculiarities of sentences are researched and presented. So the actuality of analyzing types of sentences is important because it helps students to understand the structure of sentence, its communicative and pragmatic values thus constructing students’ speech utterance in English grammatically correct. The subject of the research is communicative and pragmatic value of the English sentence. The object of the research is English sentence. The purpose of the research is to reveal communicative and pragmatic types of sentences which belong to living, productive syntactic means of language and should find the due reflection both in theoretical linguistic description and in practical language teaching. In order to achieve the aim the following objectives were set: to define the functions and types of sentences; to analyze structural peculiarities of English sentence; to reveal communicative and pragmatic values of sentence. Methods of studying: analysis of theoretical literature. The scientific novelty of the research. In the work an attempt was made to reveal and describe the communicative and pragmatic values of the English sentence. Theoretical value of the research is that the research material, theoretical positions and results bring in the certain contribution to the theory of learning theoretical grammar. Practical value of the research. Thesis’ materials can be used in special courses of English comparative syntax. The results can serve as a base for course books, aimed at the prevention of interference in course of studying English. Structure of the research: the thesis consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion, and list of used sources. In the introduction the relevance of the research topic is proven, the object and subject matter are identified. The objective and tasks are discussed. The primary research idea, scientific novelty, the theoretical and practical results of the research, substantive provisions which put to the defense are defined. The first part of the research considers general theoretical bases of the research, namely, definitions of sentence, examples of sentences, and its functions. In the second part of the research are analyzed different types of communicative and pragmatic sentences. In conclusion the main results of the research are presented which are obtained on the basis of data and analysis of the results. The perspective of the research is in possibility of using the results of the research in English Language learning especially its theoretical materials. I. Sentence in linguistics 1.1 What is a sentence? A sentence is a grammatical unit consisting of one or more words that bear minimal syntactic relation to the words that precede or follow it. A sentence can include words grouped meaningfully to express a statement, question, exclamation, request, command, or suggestion. There are many definitions of the sentence and these definitions differ from each other because that the scientists approach from different viewpoints to this question. Some of them consider the sentence from the point view of phonetics, others - from the point of view of semantics (the meaning of the sentence) and so on. According to the opinion of many grammarians the definition of the sentence must contain all the peculiar features of the smallest communicative unit. Some of the definitions of a sentence are given below. “The sentence is the immediate integral unit of speech built up of words according to a definite syntactic pattern and distinguished by a contextually relevant communicative purpose” The definitions which are mentioned above prove that B.A. Ilyish is quite right when he writes: “The notion of sentence has not so far received a satisfactory definition” (15) “A sentence is a unit of speech whose grammatical structure conforms to the laws of the language and which serves as the chief means of conveying a thought. A sentence is not only a means of communicating something about reality but also a means of showing the speakers attitude to it. Put down the book. Are you ready? The train moved out of the city. Thus, concluding the above mentioned conceptions, we can say that in any act of communication there are three factors: 1. The act of speech; 2. The speaker; 3. Reality (as viewed by the speaker). B. Khaimovich and Rogovskaya (22) state that these factors are variable since they change with every act of speech. The illocutionary force indicator shows how the proposition is to be taken, or to put it another way, what illocutionary force the utterance is to have; that is, what illocutionary act the speaker is performing in the utterance of the sentence. Illocutionary force indicators