Pipeline transport of Russia. Transneft - Реферат

Трубопроводный транспорт России. Транснефть………………………….11 3.1 История трубопроводного транспорта России……………………………11 3.2 Обеспечение экологической безопасности Балтийской трубопроводной системы…………………………………………………………………………..17 4. Библиографический список……………………………………………….…24 Введение Магистральный трубопроводный транспорт - важнейшая и неотъемлемая составляющая топливно-энергетического комплекса России. В стране создана разветвленная сеть магистральных газо-, нефте- и продуктопроводов, которые проходят по территории практически всех субъектов Федерации. Экспорт газа, нефти и нефтепродуктов в основном осуществляется трубопроводным транспортом, в том числе через морские терминалы. Морские терминалы в Новороссийске и Туапсе могут обеспечить вывоз сырой нефти в объеме 45 млн тонн в год. The burgeoning oil volumes could not be transferred by the railroad or river transport. The very principle of oil transfer required radical changes: to start construction of trunk pipelines which were capable of linking the fields with the oil consumers - refineries or petrochemical combines. By the order of the USSR Oil Minister, the Directorate of Trunk Pipelines to be built in Tataria territory was launched in March 1953 in Bugulma. It was supervised by the Central Commodity-Transport Department of the Oil Ministry, which allowed to drastically accelerate the construction tempos of the new subsoil pipelines. In 1946-50, the foundation was laid for launching of the USSR pipeline system, which was capable of connecting the basic oil production and refine stations with the basic consumption areas. By 1950, the total length of the oil pipelines was around 5,400 km, and by late 1955, it nearly doubled and was over 10,000 km. In five years, the number of commissioned pipelines became equal with the number of pipelines built in the 1878-1950 period. In the fifth five-year-plan period, the largest Tujmazy - Omsk, 530 mm, 1,332 km long pipeline (this diameter pipes were used for the first time) and the Ufa-Omsk oil products pipeline, 350 mm, 1,180 km long, were built. The Ufa - Chelyabinsk segment was constructed basically by hand, as that period construction equipment was not adapted for mining works. In August 1951, a temporary pump station in Ufa, a segment of the products pipeline from Ufa to Berdjaush (Chelyabinsk region) and the Berdjaush filling station with a platform for simultaneous filling up of eight tetra-axial RVS-2000 tanks and a pump-filling station with two 5NDV pumps were commissioned, accompanied in December 1951 by construction of a head station in Ufa with a pump station equipped with 8МB9х2 pumping units and ЗV200х2 support stations with a goods park of 14 RVS-4600 tankers made of unkilled steel. At the same time, the Berdjaush - Sineglazovo segment and the Sineglazovo station with a filling platform, pump station and three 8NDV and 12 RVS-4600 units made of unkilled steel were commissioned. The product pipeline segment till Petropavlovsk was put into operation in 1953 together with an intermediary Kropachevo station and a filling Petropavlovsk station with a gallery-type platform, a pump station with two 8NDV units and a 6 tanker RVS-3200 and RVS-2000 park. Construction of the linear part of the products pipeline (1176 km) was totally completed in 1954.