Management of soil rational use in the context of European integration - Статья

Management of soil rational use in the context of European integration A.V. Kucher, candidate of pedagogical sciences, competitor for doctors degree National Scientific Center «Institute of Agrarian Economics» Scientific problem. In terms of scope of application the term «management» can be considered the most common, as I. V. Koshkalda noted, it is used to characterize any system - economic, social, technological, biological and so on. In the case of land management, this process aims to ensure the rational use and protection of lands. Probably we should accept the fact that currently Ukraine does not have any effective mechanism for land management and land use, which lowers efficiency and competitiveness not only of the individual but also the national economy as a whole [1]. Analysis of recent researches and publications. In world practice, the system of land management (Land Administration Systems - LAS) is divided into three types: classic (implements the principle «from general to specif- ic»), transitional period (based on the principle «from the particular to the general») and integrated multifunction [2]. Experts of Global Soil Partnership (GSP) developed and offered to participating countries, including Ukraine, which joined the partnership in 2014, a program for sustainable management of soil resources (Sustainable Soil Management - SSM). Obviously, the sustainable management of soil can be considered as a subsystem of Land Management. The main purpose of soil fertility management system is a suspension of degradation processes, increasing productive and ecological functions of land, targeting modern transformation of soil into the mainstream of development and extended fertility reproduction, contributing to sustainable development of land use [3]. The objective of the article - to highlight the results of the study on management of the rational soil use in the context of European integration on the basis of benchmarking intensification of land use. Statement of the main results of the study. In the basis of management of rational soil use in the context of European integration we suggest a conceptual approach to competitiveness management on the basis of the latest benchmarking as a new vision of process of focused system influence on the formation, maintenance and development of competitive advantages based on the ideology of permanent comparison with the standards of the subject, detected by monitoring the competitive environment that allows viewing of content characteristics of the main objects of strategic management, continuously improve themselves and move from methods of situational competitiveness management to management of trends [4, p. 5]. Table 1. International benchmarking of the effectiveness (resultant) of land use intensification in some countries Indicators Year Trend 2000 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Great Britain Productivity, c/ha: grain 69.4 71.9 72.8 68.4 67.8 68.5 60.6 64.8 у = 73.5 - 1.22 t sugar beets 539.6 574.3 626.8 700.0 553.1 752.6 607.6 683.8 У = 554.4 16.74 t potatoes 399.8 424.5 416.6 431.1 438.8 432.2 305.6 401.4 у = 434.6 - 6.30 t Produced on 100 ha of agr. land, c: meat of all kinds in slaughter weight 205.9 194.1 192.1 202.3 191.9 209.3 209.3 209.3 у = 194.2 1.68 t milk 852.9 858.8 774.0 763.0 814.0 825.6 808.1 808.1 у = 832.4 - 4.30 t Produced on 100 ha of arable land, c: grain 4203.4 3736.8 4150.0 3816.7 3616.7 3623.0 3258.1 3322.6 у = 4270 - 123.1 t sugar beets 1576.3 1491.2 1250.0 1383.3 1083.3 1393.4 1177.4 1290.3 у = 1515 - 41.00 t Produced eggs on 100 ha of grain crops, c 181.8 206.9 181.8 193.5 200.0 225.8 193.5 225.8 у = 180.8 4.52 t Germany Productivity, c/ha: grain 63.8 66.2 70.7 71.6 66.6 64.0 68.5 72.7 у = 65.4 0.580 t sunflower 24.7 24.8 19.6 24.1 18.9 19.9 23.8 21.0 у = 24.0 - 0.42 t sugar beets 616.6 601.9 622.9 675.7 638.5 743.0 688.6 638.7 у = 604.4 10.8 t potatoes 449.9 419.8 437.6 440.6 399.8 456.1 447.6 398.3 у = 442.3 - 2.47 t Produced on 100 ha of agr. land, c: meat of all kinds in slaughter weight 368.4 405.9 455.6 461.5 491.0 503.0 491.0 491.0 у = 380.5 17.3 t milk 1660.8 1623.5 1698.2 1656.8 1778.4 1814.4 1826.3 1862.3 у = 1585 34.5 t Produced on 100 ha of arable land, c: grain 3872.9 3873.9 4226.9 4201.7 3788.1 3546.2 3830.5 4067.8 у = 3996 - 15.6 t sugar beets 2364.4 1974.8 1932.8 2176.5 1983.1 2487.4 2347.5 1932.2 у = 2133 3.67 t Produced eggs on 100 ha of grain crops, c 128.6 117.6 114.3 101.4 106.1 123.1 123.1 138.5 у = 112.0 1.52 t Poland Productivity, c/ha: grain 25.2 31.4 32.1 34.6 32.2 33.3 36.8 37.7 у = 26.7 1.38 t sunflower 15.9 17.1 17.8 18.1 15.1 18.7 17.6 17.5 у = 16.5 0.160 t sugar beets 394.3 383.3 464.8 542.6 483.1 573.6 582.5 546.8 у = 371.5 27.7 t potatoes 193.8 185.2 197.6 198.5 178.6 204.7 243.8 187.8 у = 185.2 3.00 t Produced on 100 ha of agr. land, c: meat of all kinds in slaughter weight 157.6 207.5 191.4 205.0 239.7 243.2 262.1 262.1 у = 157.1 14.2 t milk 646.7 779.9 765.4