Lexico-Semantic Features of Antonyms in Modern English - Курсовая работа

Contents Introduction Chapter I. Lexico-Semantic Features of Antonyms in Modern English 1.1 The Concept of Polarity of Meaning 1.2 Morphological Classification of Antonyms 1.2.1 Derivational Antonyms 1.3 Semantic Classification of Antonyms 1.3.1 Antonyms Proper 1.3.2 Complementaries 1.3.3 Converives Chapter 2. Textual Presentation of Antonyms in Modern English 2.1 Textual Presentation of Antonyms in Modern English 2.1.1 Root Antonyms in language 2.1.2 Derivational antonyms in language 2.2 Differences of meaning of antonyms 2.3 Using antonyms pair in proverbs and sayings Chapter 3. Synonym in English language 3.1 Kinds of synonyms and their specific features 3.2 Distributional features of the English synonyms 3.3 Changeability and substitution of meanings 3.4 Semantic and functional relationship in synonyms 3.5 Interchangeable character of words and their synonymy 3.6 Combinability of synonyms 3.7 Peculiar features of semantics and combinability of the English verbs on the examples of the synonyms “to amuse”, “to entertain”, “to grip”, “to interest”, “to thrill” 3.8 Conceptual synonymy 3.9 Synonymy and collocative meaning 3.10 Semantic peculiarities of synonyms Сonclusion Introduction The Synonyms and Antonyms form an integral part of the English Language. The subject-matter of the Course Paper is to investigate lexico-semantic features of antonyms and synonyms in modern English. The topicality of the problem under investigation results from the necessity to update basic assumption provided by different linguists in order to be able to establish the classification of antonyms and synonyms depending on their morphological and semantic classifications in Modern English. The novelty of the problem arises from the necessity of a profound scientific investigation of antonyms and synonyms. The main aim of the Course Paper is to summarize and systemize different approaches to the study of antonyms and synonyms in Modern English. The aim of the course Paper presupposes the solutions of the following tasks: · To expand and update the definition of the terms “antonym and synonym” · To reveal characteristic features of modern cognitive linguistics · To establish the difference between different kinds of antonyms · To have some skills of recognizing all categories of antonyms According the tasks of the Course Paper its structure is arranged in the following way: Introduction, the Main Part, Conclusion, Literature. In the Introduction we provide the explanation of the theme choice, state the topicality of it, establish the main aim, and the practical tasks of the Paper. In the main part we analyze the character features of modern the classification of antonyms and synonyms depending on their morphological and semantic classifications, differences between absolute (or root) antonyms, synonyms and derivational antonyms and synonyms, main characteristics of antonyms proper, complementaries and converives. (“moon”), but also it can have several referents (ex. So, we can base on the definition antonyms as two or more words belonging to the same pat of speech, contradictory or contrary in meaning, and interchangeable at least at some contexts. Group of antonyms is the type of semantic relation between lexical units having opposite meanings. Antonyms do not simply involve complete difference in meanings. It involves a sense opposition which can be applied to the same object or phenomenon. Antonyms (Greek “anti” - opposite, “onyma” - name) are words belonging to the same part of speech, identical in style and having opposite denotative meanings. For example: “light” - “dark”; “happiness” - “sorrow”; “up” - “down”. Antonyms are usually believed to appear in pairs. Yet, this is not true in reality. For instance, the adjective “cold” may be said to have “warm” for its second antonym, and the noun “sorrow” may be very well contrasted with “gaiety”. [18, p.28] However, polysemantic word may have an antonym or several antonyms for each of its meanings. So, the adjective “dull” has the antonym “interesting”, “amusing”, “entertaining” and “active” for its meaning of “deficient in interest”, and “clever”, “bright”, “capable” for its meaning of “deficient in intellect” and “active” for its meaning of “deficient in activity”. Antonyms are not evenly distributed among the categories of parts of speech. Most antonyms are adjectives, which seems to be natural, because qualitative characteristics are easily compared and contrasted. For example: “high”- “low”, “strong” - “weak”, “wide” - “narrow”, “friendly” - “hostile”. Verbs take the second place, so far as antonym is concerned. For example: “to lose” - “to find”, “to live” - “to die”, “to open” - “to close”. Nouns are not rich in antonyms. For example: “good” - “evil”, “love” - “hatred“. Antonymic adverbs can be subdivided into two groups: a) adverbs derived from adjectives: “warmly” - “coldly”, “loudly” - “softly”; b) adverbs proper: “now” - “then”, “ever” - “never”, “in” - “out”. This give