Структура и функции Международной организации труда. Основные вопросы, регулируемые конвенциями о труде в морском судоходстве. Проблема обеспечения своевременной репатриации моряков, особенности найма и трудоустройства. Регулирование морской безопасности.
In “the General declaration of human rights”, the General assembly of the United Nations accepted in 1948, provides the basic labour human rights, the right to effective restoration of the broken rights (item 8), the right to formation, including on popular technical and professional, including the higher (item 20). In item 23 very important human rights are fixed: the right to work, a free choice of work, fair and favorable working conditions and on protection against unemployment; on equal payment for equal work without any discrimination; on the fair and satisfactory compensation providing worthy existence for the worker and his family and supplemented if necessary and other means of social security; the right to create trade unions and to enter into trade unions for protection of the interests. The international pact about the economic, social and cultural rights contains the basic international labour rights in item 2-15 and specifies in realisation of the proclaimed rights without any discrimination on race, colour of a skin, a floor, language, religion, to political and other belief, national or to a social origin, a property status, a birth or other circumstances (item 2), on maintenance equal for men and women of the right to have the economic, social and cultural rights. Thus in item 3 of this article it is underlined that nothing the ILO of 1948 about freedom of associations and protection of the right to the organisation grants the rights to the state-participants of the Convention to accept the legislation to the detriment of guarantees of this convention. Thus in item 3 of this article it is underlined that nothing the ILO of 1948 about freedom of associations and protection of the right to the organisation grants the rights to the state-participants of the Convention to accept the legislation to the detriment of guarantees of this convention.Thus, summing up the analysis of the international legislation, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the main value of the summary Convention that is the uniform certificate containing all norms in the field of sociolabor relations in sea navigation. The requirement of obligatory observance of technical standards and aggravation of the international competition have led to that working conditions of seamen became the basic point of comparative advantage to the majority of the navigable companies. She establishes requirements to age, a state of health and vocational training of the seaman, to its qualification, to set and employment system, to the basic conditions of employment (a wages, holiday, repatriation), to conditions of the industrial environment, to premises and conditions for rest onboard a vessel, to a food, to table, medical and social service, to social security.
Вывод
Thus, summing up the analysis of the international legislation, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the main value of the summary Convention that is the uniform certificate containing all norms in the field of sociolabor relations in sea navigation. It represents the accurate and universal collection of the rights and duties on labour and to social problems for all sea sector. Thus the Convention supposes certain flexibility at national level concerning concrete methods of realisation of the rights of seamen.
The requirement of obligatory observance of technical standards and aggravation of the international competition have led to that working conditions of seamen became the basic point of comparative advantage to the majority of the navigable companies.
The summary Convention covers all spectrum of the sociolabor relations inherent in sea navigation. She establishes requirements to age, a state of health and vocational training of the seaman, to its qualification, to set and employment system, to the basic conditions of employment (a wages, holiday, repatriation), to conditions of the industrial environment, to premises and conditions for rest onboard a vessel, to a food, to table, medical and social service, to social security.
In the Convention mechanisms of the control of observance and maintenance of its performance with the state of a flag of a vessel and the state of port within the limits of procedures of the port control are defined.
The unique minus which can be found now is a correlation of the given Convention with the national legislation. But as it will occur, practice will show only.
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