The history of football. Specific features of English football lexis and its influence on Russian: the peculiarities of Russian loan-words. The origin of the Russian football positions’ names. The formation of the English football clubs’ nicknames.
This distinguishes it from other kinds such as rugby football (almost always called simply “rugby”), Gaelic football, Australian football and American football. However, most people in Britain call it simply “football”. This is indicative of its dominant role. Everywhere in the country it is easily the most popular spectator sport, the most played sport in the country’s state schools and one of the most popular participatory sports for adults. In terms of numbers, football is the national sport, just as everywhere in Europe. [18, 191] To sum up, the way of football was not easy, it had to survive abolition, undergo many changes that had a great influence on its lexis that is now characterized by variety and richness. football english russian lexis Chapter 2. Specific features of football lexis and its influence on Russian Football is a well-established worldwide phenomenon, whose vocabulary is now to be found in most cultures. In many contries its status as „king” of sports has continued since its beginning. Vocabulary from English has been borrowed by many languages ever since. The borrowings have different influence on different languages. The borrowings of sport terminlogy allows to enrich vocabulary and to extend the number of internatonal words. Football and sports, in general, has come to occupy a central place in contemporary society and culture. In borrowing, the most widly borrowed lexical category is that of nouns, as these stand for the notion or an object, easily transferable from one language to another, whereas adjectives do not have this autonomy to the same degree. This chapter aims to introduce Russian football lexis in comparison with English one and the types of terms available in language. It represents the information connected with Russian loan-words from English, introduces the homonymic aspect of football clubs nicknames, focuses on lexical specificity of its idioms. 2.1 The peculiarities of Russian loan-words Lexical loan words from English are the most characteristic way of providing football-specific lexis. Most of the football vocabulary in Russian is borrowed from English, which is also the case in most European languages. The borrowing of lexical elements is a completely natural and regular occurrence in language development and one of the most important sources for the completion and enlargement of lexical composition. The thesis in linguistics that a language without loan words does not exist was confirmed a long time ago. In this respect all languages have a compound character. Clear evidence of this statement is football vocabulary. They come with the mediation of English as part of the football terminology. Speaking about the rules of the game in Russian, all of them are expressed with loan words from English: аут/out, outside, гол/goal, матч/match, рефери/referee, фол/faul, футбол/football.
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