Рublic schools and private schools in the United States. The history of evolution of free public schools. Educational statistics in the United States. Characteristic of educational stages. The problem of transporting students to and from school.
They also used federal funding designated by the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Acts of 1862 and 1890 to set up land grant colleges specializing in agriculture and engineering. By 1870, every state had free elementary schools,[13] albeit only in urban centers. Starting from about 1876, thirty-nine states passed a constitutional amendment to their state constitutions, called Blaine Amendments after James G. Blaine, one of their chief promoters, forbidding the use of public tax money to fund local parochial schools. Following the American Civil War, the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute was founded in 1881, in Tuskegee, Alabama, to train Colored Teachers, led by Booker T. Washington, (1856-1915), who was himself a freed slave. His movement spread to many other Southern states to establish small colleges for Colored or Negro students entitled A. & M., (Agricultural and Mechanical) or A. & T., (Agricultural and Technical), some of which later developed into state universities. Responding to many competing academic philosophies being promoted at the time, an influential working group of educators, known as the Committee of Ten, and established in 1892 by the National Education Association, recommended that children should receive twelve years of instruction, consisting of eight years of elementary education (also known as grammar schools) followed by four years in high school (freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors).
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