Detoxication of pesticide and other toxic substance remains in soil with the help of nanomaterial"s - Статья

State Research Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology Detoxication of pesticide and other toxic substance remains in soil with the help of nanomaterials Prof. Ruban Igor Nikolaevich Abstract Intensification of agricultural production involves a large - scale use of fertilizers, plant protection means against pests, diseases and weeds, all those are used within various modern agro-technologies, which leads to soil intoxication with residual amounts of pesticides and agrochemicals. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is necessary for preparing the soil for further sowing. We have carried out the research using activated carbons obtained from agricultural residues. Keywords: detoxication, pesticide, toxic substance,active carbon, nanomaterials, (nano)chips, pre-sowing seed treatment;growth, development, the incidence of plants, the quantity and quality of their crop. Environmental safety of agricultural sector and quality of food supply are both of great international importance. Constantly growing environmental pollution makes environmental safety an important part of national safety aspect in general. Among the national safety threats connected with environmental pollution, there are threats connected with water reservoir anddrinking water pollution, as there are the threats connected with pesticides presence in the soil and in products, such threats are the most dangerous threats after radiation pollution and oil spilling. “Today when a matter of life and death is highly acute in view of disastrous biocontamination, it is high time to apply absorption - one of the most efficient methods of environment protection”( MCTI of Mendeleev D. I., Prof. Keltsev H.V.). Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation Nikolai Fyodorov, speaking on February 27, 2014 in Moscow at the opening of the first meeting of the Group of Eight of the major world powers, noted the need to ... focus the efforts of the international community on first principle, the basis of all agricultural production - soil . On July 24, 2014 the representatives of the various countries and FAO experts endorsed the Global Plan of Action to prevent soil degradation [1]. The soil is the basis for the production of food, feed, fiber and fuel, - said Deputy Director General Maria Helena Semedo. - Without soil, we cannot sustain life on earth, and in the case of loss of soil resources, they cannot be recovered during the lifetime of one generation. The current escalation of land degradation threatens the potential of future generations to meet their needs. That is why the adoption of the Global Plan of Action for the sustainable use and soil protection is a huge achievement. But we cannot stop on that point. We need the commitment of countries and the civil society to put these plans into reality. All this requires the political will and investments to save valuable soil resources whichour agroindustrial complexes depend on. The farmland area contaminated by pesticide residues is above the established norms, only in Russia this index makes up more than 50 million. ha. Their return into the rotation process to obtain clean crop production is one of the most important tasks of our time. The development of agricultural technologies aimed at the rehabilitation of anthropogenically destroyed areas is one way to resolve the situation Soil quality is the main aspect in agricultural production; the soil is exposed to great stress as a result of intensive pesticide usage. It is widely known that to remove pesticide, xenobiotic or other toxic substance residual quantity from the soil, various sorbate - detoxicants of natural and unnatural origin [1-9]. This problem becomes even more urgent today, when ecological crisis is deepening, the need in nature conservation technology is also becoming greater . Application of active carbons (AC) as high-quality sorbents , and inactive high-porous matrix carriers of active components is of particular interest for resolving the problems of agro-industrial sector. It is to be noted, that to resolve the problems connected with the environment, more than 10% of activated carbon materials are used, such materials are produced by manufacturers all over the whole world [10]. In Table 1there are internationally important technologies of active carbon application for biosphere “ecologization”. Besides, one should mention new threats rising all the time, to deal with which AC is needed. Owing to their physicochemical properties carbon absorbents (active carbons) are unique and ideal adsorption materials, which allow of resolving various problems connected with chemical and biological safety of humans, environment and infrastructure [10-42]. Microspores of carbon absorbents have slit-like form and are expressed as their half-width - x. To micropores we refer pores of x100-200 0,5-2,0 Mesopores (transition pores) 0,1-0,4 Pore radius 1,5-1,6 - 100-200 50-200 Micropores: Micropores proper 0.3 - 0.7 slit half-width