Characteristics of forest soils on moraine deposits under various types of site conditions - Статья

УДК 631*4:630*114:630*187 Characteristics of forest soils on moraine deposits under various types of site conditions V. Krasnov, S. Sukhovetska Житомирський державний технологічний університет O. Zborovska, Поліський філіал Українського науково-дослідного інституту лісового господарства і агролісомеліорації ім. Г.М. Висоцького V. Landin Інститут агроекології і природокористування НААН, Анотація Родючість і охорона ґрунтів. Наведено результати дослідження гранулометричного складу та вмісту поживних елементів генетичних горизонтів дерново-підзолистих ґрунтів, сформованих на моренних відкладах у різних типах лісорослинних умов. Tree species influence on soil structure, soil chemistry and aeration, water and thermal balance, as well as on the composition and the intensity of microflora, fungi and soil fauna activity [4, 5]. It is known that growth intensity, composition and structure of forest stands also depend on soil properties. Together with agrochemical properties of forest soils in certain types of forest conditions of Polis- sia of Ukraine [6, 7], scientists studied matter turnover between plants and soil [8, 9]. Meanwhile, researches underlined that the information about soil fertility allows planning necessary measures, which can be useful when creating and growing forests [10]. Nevertheless, such research is of fragmentary character. A lot of issues, including properties of sandy soils formed on different parent rocks, have not been studied yet. Materials and research methods. The research goal is to define peculiarities of sandy soils, i.e. granulometric composition and the content of nutrients of genetic horizons formed on moraine deposits in different types of forest conditions. Research was conducted in forest plantations of SE «Malyn FE», which is located within the borders of Rozvazhevsk-Chorno- bylmoraine-outwash valley with areas of moraine-hilly-undulating relief of Kyiv Polissia [11]. Sample plots were laid out in forest cultures of scots pine formed in different types of forest conditions: dry, fresh, moistbory and fresh subory on moraine deposits in Irshansk Forestry of mentioned above Forest Enterprise (Table 1). Soil cuts are laid out on all sample plots; genetic horizons are separated and soil morphological features are described; soil types are defined and samples are selected for further investigation [12].Following analyses are made in the laboratory conditions: granulometric analysis by pipette method (A. Kachynsky’s variant with preparation of soil for the analysis by pyrophosphate methods according to S. Dolgov and A. Lichma nova); calculation of specific weigh by bottle method; determining metabolic and actual acidity according to State Standard 2648485, as well as humus content by oxidemetric method according to State Standard 4289:2004; determining mobile phosphorus and potassium according to Kirsanov (State Standard 4405:2005), and determining hydrolyzed nitrogen according to Cornfield [13, 14]. Table 1. Taxation characteristics of scots pine cultures on sample plots* No. ordinal Block Composition of plantation Age, years Average height, m Average diameter, cm Growth class Reserve at the density 1.0, m3-ha-1 Dry bory 25 66 100 % Scots pine 24 7.5±0.27 8.7±0.39 ІІІ 106 26 50 100 % Scots pine 54 14.1±0.23 15.0±0,62 ІІІ 249 27 65 100 % Scots pine 61 15.5±0.50 17.0±0,84 ІІІ 286 Fresh bory 3 50 90 % Scots pine 10 % Silver birch 19 9.9±0.32 11.2±0.53 I 171 4 51 100 % Scots pine 48 15.4±0.27 18.3±0.57 II 329 5 92 100 % Scots pine 61 17.7±0.31 21.1±0.93 II 399 Moist bory 28 74 90 % Scots pine 10 % Silver birch 29 13.0±0.30 15.5±0.79 І 267 29 76 80 % Scots pine 20 % Silver birch 44 17.0±0.36 23.0±0.85 І 368 30 62 80 % Scots pine 20 % Silver birch 61 21.6±0.44 26.6±0.93 І 488 Fresh subory 9 50 80 % Scots pine 20 % Silver birch 20 10.9±0.39 10.8±0.49 Ia 192 10 50 100 % Scots pine 39 20.9±0.36 21.9±0.88 Іб 477 11 36 90 % Scots pine 10 % Common oak 63 28.8±0.59 33.4±0.87 Іб 657 Note: * Scots pine - Pinussylvestris L., Silver birch - Betulapendula Roth, Common oak - Quercusrobur L. Results and discussion. Soils on sample plots of SE «Malyn FE» are identified as soddy slightly- and soddy medium-podzolic sandy soils on moraine sediments. The latter soils are characterized by more sharp profile differentiation and the presence of continuouseluvial horizon. Soils on moraine deposits in dry and fresh bory, and in fresh subory in the upper layer of soil profile to the depth of 70-140 cm are presented by fixed sands, which change into loose sands with depth. In moist bory, fixed sand changes into loose loamy sand from the depth of 70 cm. Dry bory are characterized by soddy- slightly(medium)-podzolic sandy soils and fixed sandy soils on moraine sediments.