Extra textual factors in text. A source text as a part of a unit of higher rank. Basic functions of communication. The foundations of scientific theory of translation. The semantic divergences between the languages. The absence of emotional coloring.
Introduction The term paper is devoted to the translation of text. The topic has been chosen due to the increasing importance of texts in today’s world. Understanding text means how well we read the text. The concept of reading, shortly can be define as interpreting orally of the language which is written. There are several kind of text functionally used in our daily activities. The text can be for several purposes; informing, entertaining, technically directing, exposing, incrementing, debating, narrating, and other purposes. The reading material can vary from book, magazine, news paper, cooking recipes, furniture installation, gadget manual guide, or simply yellow book. There should be slightly different technique when reading such different type of the written language. Practically, the way we read any text or written language is using one. All of the above make these issues an ideal field of study for our purpose: to shed some light on the analysis and systematization of peculiarities of text translation. The aim of the research is to determine the peculiarities of text translation We have put forward the following tasks: - to analyze general characteristics of texts; - to study types of the texts; - to reveal the methods of translation of texts; - to investigate the lexical peculiarities of text translation; The term paper consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion and references. The introduction presents the title, aim and tasks of the given theme. The body paragraphs comprise two chapters: The first chapter is devoted to the peculiarities of text translation and its types. The second chapter deals with a detailed review of the theory of translation and the peculiarities and difficulties of text translation. After the body paragraphs a conclusion comes explaining what has been found in the research, analysis and the implications of the findings. Throughout the paper complete documentation of all sources used is provided. At the end of the paper a complete reference listing of these sources is presented. Practical significance of the research is in possible application of its results in practice by people who are interested in drawing up text translation. It can be also be of an interest for people studying problems of text translation. 1. Definition of text Extra textual Factors in Translation Text. The text has an informational macrostructure (i.e. composition and order of information units) consisting of a number of micro-structures. In very complex or incoherent texts, the analysis of informational microstructures may serve to find out the basic information or subject matter of the text. A source text can be part of a unit of higher rank, which we may call a text combination or hyper-text. Thus, a short story or a scientific article might be included in an anthology or a collection, in which the other texts constitute a frame of reference, and a novel might be intended to form part of a trilogy or tetralogy. The different texts can be related and linked in various ways. In the practice of professional translating, the parts of a text combination are sometimes translated by different translators, as is shown in the following example. Most writers on translation theory agree that before embarking upon any translation the translator should analyze the text comprehensively, since this appears to be the only way of ensuring that the source text has been wholly and correctly understood. Various proposals have been put forward as to how such an analysis should be carried out and how particular translation problems might best be dealt with. These tend, however, to be based on models of text analysis which have been developed in other fields of study, such as that of literary studies, of text or discourse linguistics, or even in the field of theology. But what is right for the literary scholar, the text linguist is not necessarily right for the translator: different purposes require different approaches. Translation-oriented text analysis should not only ensure full comprehension and correct interpretation of the text or explain its linguistic and textual structures and their relationship with the system and norms of the source language. It should also provide a reliable foundation for each and every decision which the translator has to make in a particular translation process. For this purpose, it must be integrated into an overall concept of translation that will serve as a permanent frame of reference for the translator. The factors of the communicative situation in which the source text is used are of decisive importance for text analysis because they determine its communicative function. I call these factors extra textual or external factors (as opposed to the intra textual or internal factors relating to the text itself, including its non-verbal elements). Extra textual factors may, of course, be mentioned, i.e. verbalized, in the text, and in this case we speak of met communicative utterance
Вы можете ЗАГРУЗИТЬ и ПОВЫСИТЬ уникальность своей работы
