Agranulocytosis - pathologic condition, which is characterized by a greatly decreased number of circulating neutrophils. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of this disease. Hereditary disease due to genetic mutations. Signs and symptoms, treatment.
Prepared by: Rustam MARATULYWHAT is Agranulocytosis ? pathologic condition, which is characterized by a greatly decreased number of circulating neutrophils ; absolute neutrophil count (ANC) falls to the severely neutropenic range (< 500/B?L); В the concentration OFB GRANULOCYTESB (a major class OFB white blood CELLSB that includes neutrophils ,В basophils and eosinophils ) drops below 100 cells/MMBI of blood, which is less than 5% of the normal value.EPIDEMIOLOGY. Agranulocytosis is divided into 2 groups: hereditary disease due to genetic mutations. acquired disease.H ereditary disease due to genetic mutations. Bone marrow examination.(blood marrow with underdeveloped promyelocytes ); Antineutrophil antibodies: Tests for antineutrophil antibodies should be performed in patients with a history suggestive of autoimmune neutropenia and in those with no other obvious explanation for agranulocytosis ; P eripheral blood SMEARB ;TREATMENT. General Care: Removal of any offending drugs or agents is the most important step in most cases involving drug exposure; if the identity of the causative agent is not known, stop administration of all drugs until the etiology is established; To prevent infection, patients should be placed in boxes or isolators, where aseptic conditions are created;TREATMENT. Antibiotics (Start specific antibiotic therapy to combat infections) third-generation cephalosporins or equivalents : ceftazidime , cefepime ; Vancomycin should be added if infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus В or AB Corynebacterium В species is suspected Colony-Stimulating Factor Therapy: Use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), to stimulate the production of granulocytes;TREATMENT.
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