Study of the article lexicology as industries of linguistics, its connection with the sections of linguistics. Description of word as an element of language. Correlation of phonetic and semantic types of motive in lexical units of English and Ukrainian.
Lecture 1. A WORD AS THE BASIC UNIT OF THE LANGUAGE 1. Lexicology as a branch of linguistic science and its basic notions 2. The connection of Lexicology with other branches of linguistics 3. Characteristics of the word as the basic unit of the language 4. Motivation as a language universal. Correlation of phonetic, morphological and semantic types of motivation in the lexical units of English and Ukrainian lexical unit word phonetic motive 1. Lexicology as a branch of linguistic science and its basic notions The object of Lexicology (Gr. “lexis” - word, “logos” - learning) is the science of the word. The literal meaning, however, gives only a general notion of the aims of this branch of linguistic science. The basic task of Lexicology is a study and systematic description of vocabulary in respect to its origin, development and current use. The term vocabulary is used to denote the system formed by the sum total of all the words and word equivalents that the language possesses. Lexicology is concerned with words, word-groups, phraseological units, and with morphemes that make up words. The term system as used in present-day Lexicology denotes a set of elements associated and functioning together according to certain laws. The lexical system of every speech contains productive elements typical of this particular period, others that are archaic and are dropping out of usage, and, finally, some new phenomena, neologisms. The elements of lexical system are characterized by their combinatorial and contrastive properties determining their syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships. Syntagmatic combinatorial relations define the meaning of the word when it is used in combination with other words in the flow of speech. E.g., compare the meaning of the verb “to get” in the sentences: He got a letter. He got tired. He got to London. He could not get the piano through the door. Paradigmatic contrastive relations exist between words belonging to one subgroup of vocabulary items (e.g., verbs of motion, of sense perception, sets of synonyms, etc.) that can occur in the same context and be contrasted to one another.
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