The comparative typology of English, Russian and Uzbek languages - Курсовая работа

The ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the republic of Uzbekistan «The comparative typology of English, Russian and Uzbek languages» Gulistan 2007 Introduction A silence would be a lonely world. To listen, to answer, to share our thought and ideas through speech and hearing this is one of the most exciting ports of being human. It is no doubt true that students grow toward maturity and independence of thought as they progress through the grades; but this growth is not as a rule a sharp and sudden one, nor does the psychology of the students undergo any great change during the various levels of the fundamental principles that underlie the work of the University remain the same from year to year. The need in every level is to bring about academic growth by providing near and broader experiences. While working at school found out how difficult for the students of the secondary school, definite the national groups, to learn English, because there are no prepositions in Uzbek, but in English we have. If we talk about gender we have, of course some similarities. And when, I tried them to explain some examples in comparison they learned those words better than I thought. Thus, the goal of the research is to investigate grammar of the English language in comparison with the Uzbek, to investigate phonetics, in comparison English with Uzbek. The enabling objectives are as follows: To review literature of comparative languages (English and Uzbek) in order to make theoretically we-motivated discussions on the choice of comparison. Comparative typology, 5. Comparative grammar, 6. Connotation grammar, 7. Descriptive - comparative linguistics and on the terms used in Russian and Uzbek are not exact either. They are: сравнительная грамматика, сопоставительная грамматика, сравнительно-историческое языкознание, контрастивная лингвистика, сравнительная типология in Russian and қиёсий типология, қиёсий тарихий тилшунослик, қиёсий грамматика, қиёсий тилшунослик and so on in Uzbek. Classification of linguistic typology. According to the notion of comparison of linguistics phenomenon and the aim directed on we may classify linguistic typology into the following parts a) genetic of genealogical typology, b) structural typology, c) areal typology and d) comparative typology. Genealogical typology is a branch of linguistic typology which studies the similarities and the relationship between the related languages. It is applicated to the systems of genetically related languages. Genealogical typology developed from the comparative - historical linguistics dominated during the 19th century in Europe. It’s origin was stimulated by the discovery of Sanskrit, the ancient classical language of India. The discovery of Sanskrit disclosed the possibility of a comparative study of languages. The concept of relative languages was confirmed by the existence in India of a sister of the familiar languages of Europe e.g. Sanskrit «mata» means «mother», in the accuse case «matarum» Dvau-two Trayah - three As ti-he is etc. Before the discovery of Sanskrit European linguistics possessed very vague similarities for the current grammars built on the Greek model. They didn’t set clearly the features of each languages. It is worth to mention that at the same time Sanskrit discovery gave rise to confuse notions of linguistic relation which lived for a brief time that European languages were derived from Sanskrit. But this opinion gave way to a correct explanation, namely Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, and other were later forms of one prehistorically language. Comparatives gave two kinds of classification of languages - genealogical and morphological. Genealogical classification deals with the family relationship of languages which descend from one common ancestor. It distributes languages into different families. Morphological classification deals with the classification of languages according to their structural features instead of a genealogical origin. According to the morphological classification the languages are divided into: Isolating (Chinese; Vietnamese; Japan; etc.) Analytic (Russian; English; German; etc.) Agglutinative (Turkish languages) and other. From the acoustic and articulatory points of view the phonemic system of any language may be divided into vowels and consonants. The systems of vowel phonemes From the acoustic point of the view vowels are speech sounds of pure musical tone. Their oscillagraphic melody tracing are characterized by periodically. From the point of view of articulation vowels are speech sound in the production of which there are no noise producing obstructions. The obstructions by means of which vowels are formed may be of two kinds: 1) The fourth obstruction without which neither vowels nor voiced consonants are formed. 2) The third obstruction characteristic of both: English and Uzbek vowels. The channels formed in the mouth cavity for vowel production by moving a certain part of the tongue and keeping