Russian city - Реферат

The tsar, Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Saviour. 1152-7 with the intention of transferring the capital from Moscow to Vologda, regarded Pereslavl as a strategic military point. An impregnable fortress, the St. Nicetas Monastery, was built in 1561-4 near the road to Yaroslavl and Vologda. You will see its mighty walls and magnificent cathedrals on your way out of Pereslavl. The beginning of the 17th century brought much misery to the Russian people. Profiting by internal strife, the Polish-Lithuanian interventionists put Dmitry the Pretender on the Russian throne. He was really Grigory Otrepyev, a fugitive monk who passed himself off as the son of Ivan the Terrible. Civil war broke out. In 1608 the interventionists took Pereslavl. In the following year an army commanded by Skopin-Shuisky, a talented military leader, drove them our of the city. The people of Pereslavl joined the militia under Minin and Pozharsky in 1612 and tool part in the liberation of Moscow. The end of the 17th century was marked for Pereslavl by an unprecedented burst of activity. In 1688 the young Tsar Peter the Great began building, for his military games on Lake Plesheheycvo, the poteshny (amusement) boats and galleys which were the beginnings of the Russian Navy. From all over Russia came woodcutters, carpenters, smiths, and wood- and bone-carvers, all of whom had a marked influence on the development of arts and crafts in the town. This is vividly confirmed by the collection in the Pereslavl History and Art Museum. The story of how the small-scale flotilla was built has not been lost. One of Peters boats, the Fortuna, has been preserved to this day; you can see it in a branch of the local museum. The Botik’ Museum-Estate is situated on the south bank of Lake Pleshcheyevo, three kilometres from the town and not far from the village of Veskovo. The ancient centre Of Pereslavl is clearly marked out thanks to the earth ramparts which have been reduced by the passage of time but which are still high and stand there as witnesses to many centuries of history. Only the capital city of Vladimir had even more impressive earth fortifications Pereslavls ramparts are two and a half kilometres long. The princes palaces, churches, and the houses of the townsfolk were once inside the fortress. Time has obliterated all traces of them, and only Pereslavls oldest building, the Transfiguration of the Saviour Cathedral (1152-7) gives some idea of how they used to build in Russia during the 12th century. Both these works are considered outstanding monuments of ancient Russian literature. Prince Alexander Nevsky set out from the Pereslavl Citadel to do battle with the Swedes in the Neva Estuary in 1240 and with the knights of the German Teutonic Order on Lake Chudskoye in 1242. The name of the unconquerable military leader of Ancient Russia has not been forgotten. The people of Pereslavl are proud of their fellow countryman. There is a monument to Alexander Nevsky on Krasnaya Square near the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Saviour. Pereslavl is rich in monuments of the 16th-17th centuries On Krasnaya Square tourists are sure to notice the elegant tent roof of the Church of St Peter the Metropolitan built in 1585. The shape of the roof was inherited by stone architecture from the Russian log-built churches which, like the beautiful fir-trees of the forests, soared over the vast open spaces of the Russian North. Stone tent-roofed churches are extremely rare. This principle lay behind the building of the world-famous Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed in Moscow and the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye. In 1532 the Rostov architect Grigory Borisov was commissioned by Vastly III to commemorate the birth of a son, the future Tsar Ivan the Terrible, by building the Trinity Cathedral in the St. Daniel Monastery. The journey there from Krasnaya Square is of considerable interest for tourists In the 17th century the cathedral was decorated by Kostromas painters Gury Nikitin and Sila Savin, who were famous for their work in Moscows Kremlin Palace and Armoury. Among the architectural monuments in the St. Daniel Monastery of universal interest is the miniature All Saints Church (1687), the Refectory of the Church of the Glorification of the Mother, of God (1695), the block housing the monks cells, the monastery wall and the magnificent tent-roofed bell tower built at the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th centuries. The gate arches are fantastically beautiful. No ancient monuments have been preserved in the Goritsky Monastery. The present ensemble took shape in the 17th and 18th centuries, when the monasterys influence was spreading east and west of Pereslavl-Zalessky. The period of the monasterys prosperity, when the bishops residence was situated within its walls, is illustrated most vividly by the Cathedral of the Dormition built in the 1750s. It can hardly be equalled anywhere in Russia for size, elegance of interior decoration