Proper names and their use of the English language - Курсовая работа

Consequently, they are able to represent the object not only as Lingual-ethnical realities, but also - primarily - as a special, exclusive, can not be generalized phenomenon in the world. In any case, proper names stand out in the written text in Russian and in any European language in capital letters In modern linguistics proper names often are defined as the calling lexical units, unlike nominal words which are considered as the designating units. In other words, the main function of the proper names - nominative, intended for distinction of the same objects. The English online encyclopedias give the follows materials concerning the proper names: “Proper nouns (also called proper names) are the names of unique entities. For example, John, Jupiter and America are proper nouns” [1,34]. Matthews said that the specific nature of names is often described in conditions of the differences between proper nouns and common nouns. As he said common noun, is a name whose “application is not restricted to arbitrarily distinguished members of a class” [5,234]. For example, a scent or a woman is a common noun that may be used in reference to any aroma or any female. But if they are linked together “Scent of a woman” it is the title of a film, a proper name, but in the referred literature there is no evidence to prove the obvious fact. Well, let us to return to the problem and now to look at the definition of proper name by this scholar. To his mind proper noun is understood as “the name of a specific individual or of a set of individuals distinguished only by their having that name” [5,235]. The strong point of this definition is as follows: the author allows the possibility of repetition. We can also say that there is a scientific approval of a fact that two compound, i.e. of more than one word film titles can exist and be unique in the sense of regarding to two different pictures as well as in the case with two namesakes. It means that such a coincidence of the combination of words in the title is not a hundred-percent unique element. Proper names are connected to language use and according to our general onomastic knowledge. Kiviniemi’s main message is as follows: “its not difficult to distinguish conventional names from common nouns or other proper names even when they are not within a context” [3,51]. From the first sight it really is not difficult, especially if we deal with the famous titles as “The Lord of The Rings” or some kind extra fiction ones as “Star Trek”. But if we meet something like “The Bitter Tears” we can recognize the proper name only being acquired with it. Furthermore the confirmation of this concept also goes doubtfully with our topic: “proper names differ from common nouns not only orthographically and referentially, but also semantically” [3, 52]. We’ve proved that the idea is worthless for our work with the previous example. Another part of the article was quite useful too, because it is devoted to capitalization. This is the convention in English. Sometimes, this can be a problem. What about those proper names which have more than one word in them? For example: South Africa, West Bengal, South Korea, North Korea, Western Australia and East Timor, but…north Kerala, eastern Australia, southern Europe, and even eastern South Africa. The South in South Africa and South Korea is part of the official names of these places. The north in Kerala and the eastern in Australia just tell us which part of Kerala or Australia we are talking about. Even if you remember all the rules or conventions about capitalization, you will still find educated people and reputed newspapers using their own set of rules” [9,135]. Furthermore it describes two not aroused but still important questions: -Do Proper Nouns Have Singular and Plural Forms? -No. They are supposed to be unique names. We dont ordinarily say that two Peters or two Anns have come to see you. We say that two men or two women have come to see you” [9,134]. However in colloquial speech we still can say “Have you seen all the Godfathers” and not only “all the parts of the film the Godfather”. The last remark is quite clear and not doubtful at all, but still it should be mentioned: -Do These Nouns Have a Possessive Case Form? -Yes, they do. We can say: Peters money or Anns house” [9,136]. So, we can one more time repeat definition of the proper name. Proper name is a capitalized, according the peculiar language, word or word combination, which names and denotes some unique person or object, and fulfills its main distinguishing function within definite context even in terms of multiply repetition. 1.2 Classification of proper names In our work we examine several classifications of proper names which was given by Babich, Fonyakova, Superanskaya. In the linguistic classification referents of proper names are considered mainly in two aspects: a) both animate and inanimate, and within those sections b) on the merits of the object itself: to animate include, fo