Problems in translation of idioms and proverbs - Курсовая работа

Also in the subsequent stages of the theoretical part of the paper we have shown the different theories in the field of translation strategies and to offer a general literature review to facilitate the study of translation strategies in future studies. Baker (1992) offered the clearest taxonomy of translation strategies that she believed professional translators use when they encounter a translation problem while performing a translation task. (English). In the field of languages, translation today has several meanings: (1) the general subject field or phenomenon (2) the product - that is, the text that has been translated (3) the process of producing the translation, otherwise known as translating (‘translation service’). The process of translation between two different written languages involves the changing of an original written text in the original verbal language into a written text in a different verbal language: Source text Target text in source language in target language Thus, when translating a product manual from let us say Kyrgyz into English, the ST is Kyrgyz and the target text is English. This type corresponds to ‘interlingual translation’ and is one of the three categories of translation described by the Russo-American structuralist Roman Jakobson (1896-1982) in his seminal paper ‘On linguistic aspects of translation’. Jakobson’s categories are as follows: (1) intralingual translation, or ‘rewording’ - ‘an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language’ (2) interlingual translation, or ‘translation proper’ - ‘an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language’ (3) intersemiotic translation, or ‘transmutation’ - ‘an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems’ [R. Jakobson “On linguistics aspects of translation” 1959 p. 139]. These definitions draw on semiotics, the general science of communication through signs and sign systems, of which language is but one [Cobley 2001, Malmkj?r 2011“Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications” ]. Its use is significant here because translation is not always limited to verbal languages. Intersemiotic translation, for example, occurs when a written text is translated into a different mode, such as music, film or painting. Examples would be Jeff Wayne’s famous 1978 musical version of H. G. Wells’s science-fiction novel The War of the Worlds (1898), which was then adapted for the stage in 2006, or Gurinder Chadha’s 2004 Bollywood Bride and Prejudice adaptation of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. Intralingual translation would occur when we produce a summary or otherwise rewrite a text in the same language, say a children’s version of an encyclopedia. It also occurs when we rephrase an expression in the same language. In the following example, revenue nearly tripled is a kind of intralingual translation of the first part of the sentence, a fact that is highlighted by the trigger expression in other words. It is interlingual translation, between two different verbal sign systems, that has been the traditional focus of translation studies. However, as we shall see as the qualification paper progresses, notably in subsequent stages of qualification paper, the very notion of ‘translation proper’ and of the stability of source and target has been challenged. The question of what we mean by ‘translation’, and how it differs from ‘adaptation’, ‘version’, ‘transcreation’, ‘localization’ the linguistic and cultural adaptation of a text for a new locale, and so on, is a very real one. Sandra Halverson (1999) claims that translation can be better considered as a prototype classification, that is, that there are basic core features that we associate with a prototypical translation, and other translational forms which lie on the periphery. Much of translation theory has also been written from a western perspective and initially derived from the study of Classical Greek and Latin and from Biblical practice. By contrast, Maria Tymoczko (2005, 2006, 2007: 68-77) discusses the very different words and metaphors for ‘translation’ in other cultures, indicative of a conceptual orientation where the goal of close lexical fidelity to an original may not therefore be shared, certainly in the practice of translation of sacred and literary texts. 1.1 Introduction to the translation science Translation has a great effect on our everyday life. We can define it as being a process or even being a product, as well. Therefore, it covers different perspectives. Translation focuses on the translator’s role from taking a source text and turning it into one in another language, but also concentrates on the specific product created by the translator. In Susan Bassnett’s book, Translation Studies, we find translation defined as the transfer of meaning. Translation involves the transfer of meaning contained in one set of language signs into another set of language signs through competent use of the diction