Phraseological units, set phrase and types of stability. Classification of phraseologisms by Vinogradov. Method of application. Semantic stability as the stability of meaning. Main features of the phraseological fusions, unities and combinations.
Аннотация к работе
In spite of phraseological units consist of several words their meaning (the meaning of a whole phraseological unit, not its constituent parts) and their using in a speech (phraseological unit is the one syntax part of a sentence) are similar to a word, that is the reason they are studied in a course of lexicology. It is explained as their semantic and syntax structures are different from phraseological units. Vinogradov said: “Proverbs have a sentence’s structure and they aren’t a semantic equivalent of the word.”[5, 7p.] The objectives of the phraseology as a linguistic discipline is a comprehensive study of idiomatic fund in a given language. The important aspects of the study of this science are: stability phraseological units, consistency and semantic phraseology structure of phraseological units, their origins and basic functions. Especially difficult is the translation of the phraseological units, requiring considerable experience in the field of study of the discipline. Phraseology develops guidelines highlight the phraseological units methods of their study, the classification and phraseography - their descriptions in the dictionaries. Phraseology uses a variety of research methods, such as component analysis values. On the basis of existing in linguistics research methods developed methods of phraseological analysis and description. 1. identification method - setting the identities of the words and phrases to form idioms, with their free counterparts 2. method of application is a variation identification method, a method limited in the choice of variables , establishing excellent structural and semantic organization idiom of the combinations formed in accordance with the regular and combinations of patterns of selection etc. phraseology offers different types of classifications of idiomatic language.[6, 22p.] Phraseological unit is a stable formation. This state isn’t contested. However scientists’ views about phraseological stability are not similar. The most widespread stability’s conception is its interpretation as a reproduction in prepared condition. But such conception is cannot be full because of it can be suitable for all the language units’ not only phraseological one. [7, p.21] Phraseological units’ stability is based on the different types of invariance or immutability of elements while other elements are changing. There are following types of invariance or macrostability. Stability in use. A phraseological unit is a ready made reproduction. Phraseological units bare public properties, they are not individual. The most useful phrases are chosen by people and they are gradually stop being phraseological units and become language units adding its phraseological structure. Structural-semantic stability. A phraseological unit is consist of two words as minimum and it is separately-modeled derivation which doesn’t have any typical meaning (it cannot be a model for formation of other phraseological units) Semantic stability is the stability of meaning. Each phraseological unit has a certain meaning which is unchangeable, and preserves its meaning over the time even if people don’t remember the origin of the word, the situations, events which happened to be its source. Phraseological variants these are types of the phraseological units which are similar according their quantity, quality of the meanings, their stylistics and syntax functions in the presence of partial differences of their lexical structure, their word forms and places of heir components. It is important that phraseological variants are not contrary to the stability because he fact of the presence of the stability and the phraseological variant in each appearances. Lexical stability is connected with the problem of separability. The content of a phraseological unit is a stable including a certain number of words, but sometimes constituencies may be separated. For the sake of emphasis some words may be included. E.g. Don’t put your nose into my affair. Syntax stability is completely immutability of phraseological unit’s constituent parts or change its order in he context of alternativeness, grammatical inversion. E.g. Can’t the leopard change his spots. [8, 53p.] 1.2 Classification of phraseological units phraseological unit semantic stability Phraseological unites are very various according to their meanings, structure, degree of a semantic impartibility, functions in the speech and so on. That’s why there are several classifications of phraseological unites which will be considered in the researching. The first and the fullest classification is the classification which is based on the degree of semantic cohesion between the components of a phraseological unit. The classification was composed by V.V. Vinogradov. He has defined 3 main groups of phraseological units: phraseological fusions, phraseological unities and phraseological combinations 1. Phraseological fusions - these are absolutely undivided irresolvable set units which