Modern Migration Policy in Germany - Дипломная работа

FEDERAL STATE AUTONOMOUS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR HIGHER EDUCATION NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY HIGHER SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS Faculty of Social Sciences Master thesis Modern Migration Policy in Germany Field of study 38.04.04 Public Administration and Municipal Management Master’s program ‘Population and Development’ Lopukhov Ilya Sergeevich Reviewer Candidate of Sciences (Phd) Chudinovskikh S. Olga Scientific Supervisor Doctor of Sciences Denisenko B. Mikhail Content Introduction 1. Migration in Germany 1.1 Dimension of definitions of migration 1.2 Dimension of causes, motives of migration and push-pull model 1.3 Migration typologies 1.4 Migration crisis and current situation in Germany 2. Historical dimension of the German migration policy and recent changes 2.1 Phase 1: Post-War Germany and the Threefold Immigration 1945-1954 2.2 Phase 2: Recruitment policy for guest workers 1955-1973 2.3 Phase 3: Consolidation and integration policy 1974-1980 2.4 Phase 4: Limiting policy as the turning point of migration policy 1981-1990 2.5 Phase 5: Focus on asylum policy 1991-1997 2.6 Phase 6: Nationality Reform and Immigration Act 1998-2004 3. New immigration and integration policy 2005-2016 3.1 Labour migration in Germany 3.2 Acquisition of citizenship in Germany Conclusions on the chapter 4. Integration policy and monitoring in Germany 4.1 Index of integration MIPEX 4.2 Integration Monitoring System in Germany 4.2.1 Organization of the monitoring system Conclusions on the chapter Conclusion Literature Introduction It is not a secret that the whole Western Europe, as well as the Eastern part, is under pressure from many waves of refugees from the Middle East. At first that seemed attractive from an economic, social, moral and cultural point of view of legislation to increase the flows of migrants, but now it is pretty detrimental to the economy of Germany and Europe as a whole. This migration crisis, or else it is called the European migration crisis, the European Commission has already recognized as the biggest since the Second World War. The size and nature of a momentary crisis provoked a mixed reaction in the world. Some, referring to the experience of the Roman Empire embraced migration crisis as a beginning of the end of European civilization. For others, the current situation of migrants has become a manifestation of the inefficiency of the European institutions and organizational structures created for the management of migration flows, a symbol of the failure of the policy of managed migration. For modern science, however, the migration crisis was not something unexpected in Europe. According to experts, it is the cumulative effect of the interaction of a number of factors such as the global economic crisis; deepening social inequalities in many countries; the effects of armed conflicts and civil wars, the destabilization of these countries, etc. One of the distinguishing features of the current crisis is a fusion of several migration streams - legal, illegal economic migration and refugees - in a powerful stream. Hence, such a mixed national-ethnic composition: Syrians, Egyptians, Libyans, Nigerians, Afghans, Pakistanis, etc. The basic structure of refugees - is the Syrians (29%), half of them asked for asylum for the first time in Germany, 14% of all refugees in Europe - it is the people of Afghanistan, 10% - the Iraqis. Thus, getting a huge number of workers from third world countries, Germany also loses its nationality in the labor market. The Germans, in view of the increased competition due to the low labor costs of visitors, are forced to emigrate to other countries in search of work. This leads to an increasing wave of mass emigration from Germany. The problem of immigration and immigration policy are the subject of study of various branches of science. A significant contribution to the development of theoretical problems of migration of the population were proposed by V.A. Iontsev as well as classification of the main approaches to the study of migration and the concept of a three-stage migration process, developed by L.L. Rybakovsky and A.V. Pohlebaeva. O.S Chudinovskikh and M.B. Denisenko supplied complete information on the theory of migration, as well as a comparative analysis of the migration policy of the Western countries. In the article by Sukhov was studied in detail the theory of migration, migration networks, the problem of integration, as well as shows the spectrum of the possible consequences of the migration of the crisis and the ways of its solution. Using theoretical models presented by the authors of these studies, possible to trace the formation of Germanys immigration policy at all stages of the immigration process. Due the fact that in Russian literature, with rare exceptions, are poorly understood basic legal categories of foreigners in Germany, the differences between them and the benefits (social and political rights), acquired in the legal category, while writing this work t