Individualized approach to staff motivation - Статья

UDC 331.101.36 DOI: 10.15587/2313-8416.2016.65656 Individualized approach to staff motivation E.N. Shirokova, A.V. Kalinichenko Annotation individual employee motivation work The article reveals the formation of a system of incentives for workers, allowing to identify the impact of the individual needs of the employee and the possibility of rational use of specific tools for labor motivation. The article includes recommendations that can afford to choose the best motivational tools for each employee based on his personal priorities. All this competently implements an individualized approach to labor motivation Keywords: motive, incentive, staff, individual needs, tools for labor motivation, levels of motivation Анотація Стаття розкриває формування системи стимулювання працівників, що дозволяє виявити вплив індивідуальних потреб працівника на можливість і раціональність застосування конкретних інструментів мотивації праці. This is a serious obstacle to the development of enterprises and the economy as a whole, especially in crisis economic phenomena. At the same time, the use of labor potential can not only stop the development of the enterprise, but also to give an impetus for crises overcoming and subsequent development. Formulation of the problem In this regard, the consideration of matters related to improving motivation in modern conditions is considered to be timely. In particular, one of the promising areas of motivational work is the study of the individual needs of employees and the degree of perception of the available tools for stimulation. Literature review By solving the tasks, first of all, it is necessary to focus on the instruments of labor motivation. Dozens of years were spent on their research, organization and practical application. Many of scientists, such as A. Mas- lou [1], D. MakKlelland [2], F. Hercberg [3], M. Mes- kon [4] and etc, conducted research in the field of employee motivation not only on the assumption of human needs, but also taking into consideration the psychological, moral, social and cultural influence of the environment. Therefore, today, the task of searching for a fundamentally new incentives to increase human performance is quite complex, and the questions of their optimal combination based on personal characteristics of the employee remain unresolved. Aim of research Considering the relevance of the proposed research direction, a promising way to increase the degree of motivation should become the development of a system of selection of individual incentives for each employee. Description of the study This study was conducted in Ukrainian University of Railway Transport. Performed to determine degree of influence on the efficiency of individual needs staff motivation. The basis for investigations became the results of scientists’ research in the field personnel management. The significance of investigations is to desire to work out recommendations for the use of the mechanism of formation motivation of work tools on the basis their degree of individualization. Statement of the main results of the study On this occasion, SA Shapiro, in his book «Staff motivation and encouraging», wrote: «The encouraging of work - is, primarily, the external motivation, the element of the labor situation affecting human behavior in the workplace, the material covering of staff motivation. At the same time it carries the immaterial load, which allows a worker to realize himself as a person and an employee at the same time» [5]. The author wrote that «when the incentives run through the psychology and consciousness of the people and are converted, they become internal incentive or motive causes of employee behavior. Motives are conscious incentives. The motive and the incentive do not always agree with each other, but there is no «Chinese walls» between them. They are two sides, two systems of impact on the employee, the motivation to certain actions. Therefore, stimulating effect on the staff is directed mainly at strengthening of the employees functioning and the motivation influence - at enhancing of professional and personal development of employees. It is important to distinguish between the stimulating and the motivational mechanisms of the employees the management behavior, to realize the importance of their interaction and mutual enrichment» [5]. In our opinion, a very important element in this case is the estimation of the possibility of a real application and effectiveness of these mechanisms. Therefore, the analysis of the motivational tools according to their degree of individualization was carried out [6-8]. Thus, the wages, standardized within the enterprise, has a low labor motivation and marginally consider specific features of the employee; at the same time, wages in the form of piece-wage has a greater degree of individualization and thus increasingly encourages worker. Supplements can also be considered on two levels of individualization, namely: the surcharges of