History of British parliament - Реферат

Plan Introduction The queen and the parliament The main part A. The British Constitution B. The Monarchy Britain C. The Function of Parliament E. Elections F. The Government G. The Opposition H. The Cabinet I. The Parties 4. The Make up of the House of Commons Members of Parliament A. The Passing of Laws 5. In the House of Commons 6. The Make up of the House of Lords 7. In the House of Lords A. Raising Bills in the House of Lords B. Overruling the House of Lords 8. Private Members Bills 9. Devolution 10. Gladstone in Government and his as a Prime Minister, his administrations 11. Visiting the houses of Parliament 12. Executive 13. Local government 14. Health and Welfare 15. Defense 16. Customs and Traditions 17. The Comparison Of Two Political Systems: Ukrainian And British Ones 18. Summery 19. Conclusion 20. The literature 1. Introduction The State System of any nation is not an artificial creation of some genius or simply the embodiment of different rational schemes. It is nothing else but a work of many centuries, a product of a national spirit, a political mentality and the consciousness of people. I have chosen the topic because of its obvious importance. Ukraine is building a sovereign state and it is encountering a lot of problems. Ukraine is suffering an overall deep crisis, trying to set herself free from the persistent inheritance of totalitarianism preying upon economic, politic, national self-consciousness. There is no universally efficient remedy to help the Ukrainian society out of this grave condition. The process of recovery will be long and arduous. Moreover, the country’s eventual deliverance from totalitarian inheritance and its harmonious entry into civilized world community remain for that matter, hardly practicable at all, unless political culture is humanized, and political education of such a kind propagated that would help society overcome the backwardness, the pre-modernity of prevailing visions of justice, democracy, law and order, and the relationship of the individual and the state. It is quite clear that in the process of democracy formation a lot of problems connected with it will inevitably appear. Many of them already exist. In this solution, a considered usage of foreign experience can help the Ukrainian community to optimize the processes essential for the transitional period from one political system to another, and not to allow the social prevailing tensions to develop into a national civil crisis. And it will also help to save time and resources. 2. The queen and the parliament Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. This means that it has a monarch as its Head of the State. The monarch reigns with the support of Parliament. The powers of the monarch are not defined precisely. Everything today is done in the Queen’s name. It is her government, her armed forces, her law courts and so on. She appoints all the Ministers, including the Prime Minister. Everything is done however on the advice of the elected Government, and the monarch takes no part in the decision-making process. It is rather difficult to understand the British way of ruling the country. In Britain the Queen is the Head of State, but in fact she doesn’t rule the country as she has no power. The Queen is a symbol of the country history and its traditions. She is very rich. She travels about the united kingdom, meets different people and visits schools, hospitals and other special places. So do all the members of the royal family the Queens husband, her son Prince Charles, the Queen’s daughter Princess Anna and Princess Margaret. At the beginning of the century many countries all over the world were ruled by Britain. All of them were included into the British empire and were its colonies: India, Pakistan, Ceylon, for example, were among them. Now these countries are independent states. But in 1949 Britain ant the former colonies founded the Common wealth. The Commonwealth includes many countries such as Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others. The Queen of Great Britain is also the Head of Commonwealth and the queen of Canada, Australia, New Zealand. The real power in the country belongs to the British Government. How and when is built the British government we will say under it. 3. The main part The British Parliament has been in existence since 1215, when King John signed the Magna Carta, and is one of the oldest in the world. The workings of it have changed through the ages and below is a brief description of the ways in which it works. Parliament consists of two chambers, the House of Commons, consisting of members of parliament who are elected, and the House of Lords, consisting of unelected peers. The Sovereign, at the moment Queen Elizabeth II, is the third part of the Parliament. The government is officially known as Her Majestys Government. The Queen has, in principle, a lot of power over the government, but chooses not to exercise that power. This position has emerged through the ages,