Concept and types of financial investments, classification. Definition of criteria and ways of risk analysis. World experience of attracting investments. Ways of improvement of the mechanism of attracting investments into the economy of Kazakhstan.
Аннотация к работе
Introduction Actuality of the research.Attraction and effective use of foreign investments into economy of RK is a basis, one of the directions of mutually beneficial economic cooperation between the countries. By means of foreign investments it is possible to improve really deformed production structure of economy of Kazakhstan, to create new high-tech productions, to modernize fixed assets and technically to weapon many enterprises, to train experts and workers, to introduce the advanced achievements of management, marketing and a know-how, to fill domestic market with qualitative goods of a domestic production with simultaneous increase in volumes of export to foreign countries. Attraction of foreign investments into economy of Kazakhstan is objectively necessary process. World experience of many countries testifies that inflow of the foreign capital and state regulation of its use positively influence economy. Investments promote formation and strengthening of private business in the countries with average and low levels of economic development, will mobilize the capital for implementation of serious projects, creation of the mixed companies, the markets of the loan capital. From that, how successfully the economy of Kazakhstan will be integrated into world economic communications, strategy and tactics of increase of efficiency of economy of the republic depends. For Kazakhstan the most expedient and painless, from the point of view of influence on inflation and an external debt, is attraction of direct foreign investments as direct investments, being attracted under own guarantees of borrowers, reduce financial obligations of the state for loan of funds for structuration of economy. The economic reform which are carried out in Kazakhstan significantly changed a legal, financial and economic and social status of the main link of a national economy - a enterprise, its status in system of an economic and civil circulation. Instead of prevailing earlier in all branches of an economic of the enterprises founded on state ownership thousands of enterprises which are based on private, mixed of a joint-stock property arose and function. All this influenced change of the mechanism of management and organization of investment activity as bases of economic growth, increase of competitiveness of the organizations and economy in general. The state Republic of Kazakhstan has to act as the organizer of investment process and the main investor. It is its main function from the point of view of social policy. The term paper is devoted to a problem, actual for the developing economy, - investment policy of the state and activity. The purpose of this term paper is to consider structure of investments, to reveal problems and to offer prospects of investment policy in RK. On the basis of a goal problems of work are: 1) to open general characteristic of financial investments; 2) to analyze Program on attraction of investments; 3) to present prospects of investment activity of RK. The object of the study is “Program on attraction of investments, development of special economic zones and export promotion in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010 - 2014 years”. The subject of the study is analysis of program’s work. Structure of term paper. The structure of the term paper reflects the logic and the order of solving tasks. This term paper consists of introduction, four main parts, conclusion, list of references, and appendices. The volume of the term paper is 44 pages, including 9 tables and 6 figures. 1. General characteristic of financial investments Concept and types of financial investments The concept an investment occurred from Latin “investire” to dress. During a feudalism era input of the vassal in possession of the feud was called as investiture. The same word designated appointment of the bishops receiving thus in management church lands with their population and the right vessels over them. Introduction in a position was accompanied by the corresponding ceremony of vestments and investment with powers. The investiture gave the chance to an investor (or, speaking to the modern language, to the investor) not only to attach to itself new territories for receiving access to their resources, but also to participate in management of these territories through the proteges invested with authority for the purpose of planting of the ideology. As material investments understand investments which directly participate in production (for example, investments into the equipment, buildings, stocks of materials). Non-material investments - investments into non-material values (for example, investments into training, researches and development, advertising, etc.). The risk capital combines various appendix forms of the capital: loan, joint-stock, enterprise. It mediates in a founder of starting knowledge-intensive firms. On time factor: Short-term :investments are assets which the enterprise owns for the purpose of generation of profit th