Theory of English grammar. Morphology and syntax. Means of form-building. Synthetic and analytical forms. Structure of words. Method of opposition (A.I. Smirnitsky). Parts of speech as lexico-grammatical classes of words. The category of representation.
ENGLISH FACULTY correspondent department 1. Morphology and syntax as part of grammar. Units of grammar, their functions and types of relations between them in language and speech english grammar morphology syntax Main units of Grammar are a word and a sentence. A word may be divided into morphemes, a sentence may be divided into phrases (word-groups). Syntagmatic relations are the relations in an utterance. Main grammatical units, a word and a sentence, are studied by different sections of Grammar: Morphology (Accidence) and Syntax. Morphology studies the structure, forms and the classification of words. Syntax studies the structure, forms and the classification of sentences. Morphology studies paradigmatic relations of words, Syntax studies syntagmatic relations of words and paradigmatic relations of sentences. There is also a new approach to the division of Grammar into Morphology and Syntax. According to this approach Morphology should study both paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of words. Syntax should study both paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of sentences. Syntactic syntagmatics is a relatively new field of study, reflecting the discourse. 2. Grammatical meaning and grammatical form. Means of form-building. Synthetic and analytical forms The grammatical meaning and grammatical form are the basic notions of Grammar. The grammatical meaning is a general, abstract meaning which embraces classes of words. The grammatical meaning depends on the lexical meaning. It is connected with objective reality indirectly, through the lexical meaning. The grammatical meaning is relative, it is revealed in relations of word forms, e.g. speak - speaks. The grammatical meaning is obligatory. Grammatical meaning must be expressed if the speaker wants to be understood. The grammatical meaning must have a grammatical form of expression (inflexions, analytical forms, word-order, etc.). This criterion is not always reliable as many words are invariable and many words contain no derivational affixes. Besides, the same derivational affixes may be used to build different parts of speech: -ly can end an adjective, an adverb, a noun: a daily; -tion can end a noun and a verb: to position. Because of the limitation of meaning and fonn as criteria we mainly rely on a words function as a criterion of its class. 3. Function (Syntactic Properties) Syntactic properties of a class of words are the combinability of words (the distributional criterion) and typical functions in the sentence.
Вы можете ЗАГРУЗИТЬ и ПОВЫСИТЬ уникальность своей работы
