Discourse analysis methods in the study of social processes - Статья

Kharkiv State Academy of Culture UDC 314.112(100) Discourse analysis methods in the study of social processes V.M. Sheyko Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Kharkiv Анотація В.М. Шейко, доктор історичних наук, професор, Харківська державна академія культури, м. Харьков. Основна увага приділяється даним дискурс-аналізу наратології сучасних тенденцій міжнародної міграції та методам її регулювання на міжнародному рівні в умовах цивілізаційної глобалізації. Основное внимание уделяется дискурс-анализу наратологии современных тенденций международной миграции и методам ее урегулирования на международном уровне в условиях цивилизационной глобализации. However, factual information is of paramount importance for understanding the historical processes. This is why we consider history as a process of system development. Over the last decades the system approach has become very popular. It emerged first in physics to describe the behavior of systems with many components, then in chemistry and biology, and later it came to be used in the study of social and economic phenomena. There is one parameter, as universal as the parameter of time, and it can be applied to all epochs. It is population size. It is directly linked to mankind’s economic, social and cultural activities. We can say that demographic quantitative data offer a universal key to understanding the past. It is obvious that negative consequences of spontaneous demographic processes have to regulated. The only acceptable form is birth control. There are programs aimed at developing effective measures to reduce the excess birth rate. It is important that these programs are adopted in the countries with the highest population size - India and China. In the economically developed countries of the Northern region there is no evidence of a comprehensive, coordinated demographic policy, including family planning programs. However, the indigenous population decline in the early 1990s (depopulation) in some European countries caused an appropriate reaction. Actions like propaganda campaigns, moral or material incentives, etc., aimed at a birth rate increase are taking place in some countries (France, Germany and others) Modern international migration. The most important center of international labor migration is Europe. Here there are 20 million legal migrants i members of their families, among them 13 million in the European Union. Young people are mostly involved in the inter-state migration, usually, people aged under 25. Research data show that the share of young people in foreign manpower is rather impressive: in France - 40,2%, the Netherlands - 40,2%, Belgium - 49,8% of the total number of foreign employees. The majority of immigrants choose Germany, France, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Belgium, Sweden, the Netherlands. In Luxembourg the percentage of foreigners was in 1995 as high as 33,5% of the total population. The North American labor market traditionally belongs to the US, the labour resources of which has was historically been formed by immigrants. Post-war migration to the US consisted of two phases: the first stage with more than 6.6 million people from Western Europe; the second stage began in 1965, when a law creating favorable conditions for immigrants from Asia and Latin America was adopted. Preference if given to highly skilled workers, engineers, doctors, managers, scientists. Australia is the classical country of immigration in the Asian-Pacific region. The share of foreigners in the total workforce of this country is 24%. The policy of the USA and Australia is aimed at assimilating the immigrants. Over the last decades the forms and destinations of migration flows have changed. In the late 20th century and till the First World War nonreturn migration prevailed. Migrates from Europe (over 19 million people) moved to the US, Canada, Australia moved seeking a permanent place of residence.