About cross-cultural management. Differences in cross-cultural management. Differences in methods of doing business. The globalization of the world economy and the role of cross-cultural relations. Cross-cultural issues in International Management.
Аннотация к работе
About cross-cultural management Differences in cross-cultural management Cultural differences Differences in methods of doing business The difference in salesSourcesFor each head, any organization cooperates with foreign countries, it is very important to sign any contract or to sign any agreements. The reason of they are cross-cultural operating conditions of business: in domestic and world economy there are the new mixed mechanisms of partnership based on interpenetration and reunion of values, installations and standards of behavior of various civilizations, cultures, subcultures, countercultures. Knowledge of their cultural identity, as well as the specifics of the business culture of other ethnic groups, nationalities, peoples, civilizations become enormously important, because it is more diverse than the cultural field of business, the higher the reputational risks acute in cross - cultural differences, communication barriers above, more critical requirements for cross - cultural competence manager. Cross - cultural management - a relatively new area of knowledge for Russia, it"s management, implemented at the intersection of cultures: macro level - control at the intersection of national and regional cultures, micro-level - at the junction of regional, age, professional, organizational, and other crops. The study of cross - cultural themes helps managers to learn more about themselves, identify their cultural profile, to develop cross - cultural competence, and thus avoid the risk of undesirable effects on business, career and personal life, to become more successful.That"s why people react to changing environmental conditions and culture in particular. In the individual values of the culture are transformed into behavior, culture lives in the personal behavior of the person. Culture has a pervasive influence on the encoding and decoding of verbal and nonverbal signals. Cross - cultural studies (cross cultural studies) - kind of a comparative study, the object and the object is sticking culture. Hofstede, it can be concluded that the culture focused more on tradition and culture, open to change, on closer examination have a lot in common.
Вывод
SourcesCulture - is an integral part of human life. Culture organizes human life. In the culture of life is largely performs the same function, which performs in the lives of animals genetically programmed behavior. It is culture that distinguishes humans from all other creatures. Personality bears the stamp of a particular culture and a particular society. In addition, the company creates the conditions for mass use of cultural values ??, and therefore gives rise to the need to reproduce culture. That"s why people react to changing environmental conditions and culture in particular.
In the individual values of the culture are transformed into behavior, culture lives in the personal behavior of the person. The Company creates the conditions for this, and they can, to varying degrees as a match, and did not comply with the transformation of cultural values in the acts of a person"s behavior. The Company is developing in the search mode, all the more favorable conditions for the formation of the individual as an active subject of culture, as the creator and bearer of valuable crop.
Culture has a pervasive influence on the encoding and decoding of verbal and nonverbal signals. Because of this influence in intercultural communication are inevitable conflicts and misunderstandings.
To overcome these obstacles, researchers have proposed a model of personal growth, which focuses on the regulation of emotion and thoughtfulness. Individuals who can tap into these processes, are able to increase their cross-cultural sensitivity, to create a new mental category, to respect cultural differences, to be open to them and to show empathy (the ability of a person to present yourself in the place of another person) in relation to other people.
Cross - cultural studies (cross cultural studies) - kind of a comparative study, the object and the object is sticking culture. First began to hold their representatives of social and cultural anthropology. Served the purpose of figuring out how the same cultural artifact (the marriage ceremony, the kinship system) operating in different cultures. They are also interested in why something in one culture is considered the norm, and in the other - a deviation.
At present, cross - cultural studies are also conducted in the different branches of psychology: general psychology studies the characteristics of perception, memory, thinking, industrial psychology - the problem of the organization of labor and management, psychology - childrearing practices in different nations. A special place is occupied by social psychology, as compared are not only of the behavior of people, due to their inclusion in the ethnic communities, but also the psychological characteristics of these very communities. Cultural differences between countries are an important area of ??corporate culture.
The key features of categorization theory of culture, is the theory of Hofstede, which has allocated 4 features: power distance uncertainty avoidance collectivism - individualism masculinity - femininity
In addition to these symptoms is sometimes singled out as the fifth sign of the so-called. Confucian dynamics.
Formation of the human mind is influenced by the knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by the company in its development process. From here there are cultural differences between the countries. Feel these differences can only be merged with the new company - an excellent carrier of culture. Cultural differences between countries are the basis for the different corporate cultures. Today"s enterprises are increasingly becoming part of an international character, which means the need to consider the differences in national cultures.
Business goes far beyond national boundaries, drawing into its orbit increasing number of people from different cultural outlook. As a result of cultural differences begin to play an increasingly important role in organizations and stronger influence on the efficiency of business operations.
It becomes the cause of cross-cultural issues in international business - the contradictions at work in the new social and cultural contexts associated with different patterns of thinking between different groups of people.
Based on the analysis of cultures on the classification of G. Hofstede, it can be concluded that the culture focused more on tradition and culture, open to change, on closer examination have a lot in common.
You can sell the same goods and services in the vast territory, but it is important in this case consider the significant differences between users of different cultural areas. That is why it is important, first of all, to understand the structure of cross - cultural issues, that is, to characterize the variables that shape the cultural environment of international business. This provides a degree of visibility - a clear understanding of cross - cultural issues and ways to improve the international management.
In the human resources policy in international business cultural environment factors create the greatest difficulties. That is why the correct assessment of the differences of national cultures and their adequate records are becoming more and more important. Take into account the factors of the cultural environment also makes a complex and multilevel structure of a culture that determines the diversity of its functions in the life of every society.
For the formation and development of the culture of international firms use specific tools specific to international business.
Culture - is an integral part of human life. Culture organizes human life. In the culture of life is largely performs the same function, which performs in the lives of animals genetically programmed behavior. It is culture that distinguishes humans from all other creatures. Personality bears the stamp of a particular culture and a particular society. In addition, the company creates the conditions for mass use of cultural values ??, and therefore gives rise to the need to reproduce culture. That"s why people react to changing environmental conditions and culture in particular.
In the individual values of the culture are transformed into behavior, culture lives in the personal behavior of the person. The Company creates the conditions for this, and they can, to varying degrees as a match, and did not comply with the transformation of cultural values in the acts of a person"s behavior. The Company is developing in the search mode, all the more favorable conditions for the formation of the individual as an active subject of culture, as the creator and bearer of valuable crop.
Culture has a pervasive influence on the encoding and decoding of verbal and nonverbal signals. Because of this influence in intercultural communication are inevitable conflicts and misunderstandings.
To overcome these obstacles, researchers have proposed a model of personal growth, which focuses on the regulation of emotion and thoughtfulness. Individuals who can tap into these processes, are able to increase their cross-cultural sensitivity, to create a new mental category, to respect cultural differences, to be open to them and to show empathy (the ability of a person to present yourself in the place of another person) in relation to other people.
Cross - cultural studies (cross cultural studies) - kind of a comparative study, the object and the object is sticking culture. First began to hold their representatives of social and cultural anthropology. Served the purpose of figuring out how the same cultural artifact (the marriage ceremony, the kinship system) operating in different cultures. They are also interested in why something in one culture is considered the norm, and in the other - a deviation.
At present, cross - cultural studies are also conducted in the different branches of psychology: general psychology studies the characteristics of perception, memory, thinking, industrial psychology - the problem of the organization of labor and management, psychology - childrearing practices in different nations. A special place is occupied by social psychology, as compared are not only of the behavior of people, due to their inclusion in the ethnic communities, but also the psychological characteristics of these very communities. Cultural differences between countries are an important area of corporate culture.
The key features of categorization theory of culture, is the theory of Hofstede, which has allocated 4 features: power distance;
uncertainty avoidance;
collectivism - individualism;
masculinity - femininity
In addition to these symptoms is sometimes singled out as the fifth sign of the so-called. Confucian dynamics.
Formation of the human mind is influenced by the knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by the company in its development process. From here there are cultural differences between the countries. Feel these differences can only be merged with the new company - an excellent carrier of culture. Cultural differences between countries are the basis for the different corporate cultures. Today"s enterprises are increasingly becoming part of an international character, which means the need to consider the differences in national cultures.
Business goes far beyond national boundaries, drawing into its orbit increasing number of people from different cultural outlook. As a result of cultural differences begin to play an increasingly important role in organizations and stronger influence on the efficiency of business operations.
It becomes the cause of cross-cultural issues in international business - the contradictions at work in the new social and cultural contexts associated with different patterns of thinking between different groups of people.
Based on the analysis of cultures on the classification of G. Hofstede, it can be concluded that the culture focused more on tradition and culture, open to change, on closer examination have a lot in common.
You can sell the same goods and services in the vast territory, but it is important in this case consider the significant differences between users of different cultural areas. That is why it is important, first of all, to understand the structure of cross - cultural issues, that is, to characterize the variables that shape the cultural environment of international business. This provides a degree of visibility - a clear understanding of cross - cultural issues and ways to improve the international management.
In the human resources policy in international business cultural environment factors create the greatest difficulties. That is why the correct assessment of the differences of national cultures and their adequate records are becoming more and more important. Take into account the factors of the cultural environment also makes a complex and multilevel structure of a culture that determines the diversity of its functions in the life of every society.
For the formation and development of the culture of international firms use specific tools specific to international business.
Sources
1. E. J. Shutkova "About cross-cultural management"
2. Myasoedov S. "Cross-Cultural Management"
3. Brislin R. "Cross-Cultural Psychology""
4. Gordeev R.V. "Cross - cultural issues of international management"
5. Vihansky O.S. "Managing a cross - cultural interactions"