Origin of the comparative analysis, its role and place in linguistics. Contrastive analysis and contrastive lexicology. Compounding in Ukrainian and English language. Features of the comparative analysis of compound adjectives in English and Ukrainian.
Аннотация к работе
In this research work, I clarify mechanism that work in compound adjectives. After this I make a comparative analysis between English and Ukrainian compound adjectives, which leads me to conclude that they are conceptual universal phenomenon, with high communicative and instructive power. The topicality of the theme is determined by the necessity of description of compound adjectives in the English and the Ukrainian languages in respect of their contrastive analysis, especially within semantic groups which may provide material both for common and terminological dictionaries.The study of two languages in contrast, called contrastive analysis, has been referred to by a variety of names, not all of which mean the same to all writers. The term contrastive is also used with studies of particular levels and functional areas of the linguistic system, such as contrastive generative grammar and contrastive lexicon, as well as the contrastive pragmalinguistics, contrastive discourse analysis, contrastive sociolinguistics, contrastive theoric and many more. In the late 1950s, Robert Lado proposed contrastive analysis as a means of identifying areas of difficulty for language learners, although already in 1945 Charles Fries had formulated the theory. A contrastive analysis describes the structural differences and similarities of two or more languages. In language teaching it has been influential through the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH) which claims that difficulties in language learning derive from the differences between the new language and the learners first language, that errors in these areas of difference derive from first language interference and that these errors can be predicted and remedied by the use of CA.Contrastive analysis is a linguistic branch whose main aim is to help the analyst to ascertain in which aspects the two languages are alike and in which they differ. It should be borne in mind that though objective reality exists outside human beings and irrespective of the language they speak every language classifies reality in its own way by means of vocabulary units. Contrastive analysis also brings to light what can be labelled problem pairs, the words that denote two entities in one language and correspond to two different words in another language. Contrastive analysis brings to light the essence of what is usually described as idiomatic English, idiomatic Ukrainian the peculiar way in which every language combines and structures in lexical units various concepts to denote extra-linguistic reality. It is also of great value for an efficient teacher who knows that to have a native like command of a foreign language, to be able to speak what we call idiomatic English, words, word-groups and whole sentences must be learned within the lexical, grammatical and situational restrictions of the English language.The crucial factors here are what size of language sample has been chosen for translation, whether it is naturally occurring or fabricated for the purpose, and whether the translation is the analysts own. For example, translations in six languages (English, French, German, Italian, Danish and Greek) are the data for a six-way collocational and grammatical comparison making use of parallel concordancing which is currently being undertaken with Lingua funding by a number of European universities led by the university of Nancy ??. However, the use as data of the diverse range of translations means that the project is certain to provide valuable evidence for translators on the transferability of certain collocations and colligations from one language to another. Scientists distinguish such relevant areas of study in translation: pragmatic aspects (original audience vs. target audience, e.g., modern English-speaking one); context (original vs. target): writer intention, reader expectation, medium, time/place of reception; source-and target-text analysis (intercultural, interlingual aspects, personal preferences of translators); translation problems; translation strategies The emphasis of much of work on CA on teaching and language learning raises questions about its relevance to translators.Nouns and adjectives can also be compounded in the opposite order: Noun Adjective = Adjective Camera shy = camera-shy (Shy in respect of appearing or speaking before cameras). Another possibility is that the noun supports the adjective, i.e. as an intensifier: dirt-cheap = cheap as dirt; paper-thin = thin as paper More examples of all subtypes: waterproof (proof or resistant against water), seaworthy (a ship withstanding the dangers of the sea), airworthy (an aircraft safely flyable), blameworthy (a person deserving blame), bookworthy (something worth being published), trustworthy (somebody who can be trusted. In substantives, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs, compounds are usually formed by connecting two stems with so-called linking vowels:-o-,-e-(in substantives), and-y-(in cases where the first part is
План
. Introduction
2. Chapter 1. Theoretical background of contrastive analysis
2.1 Origin of contrastive analysis
2.2 The place and role of contrastive analysis in linguistics
2.3 Contrastive analysis and contrastive lexicology
2.4 Contrastive analysis and translation studies
2.5 Word fomation
2.6 Compounding in Ukrainian and English language
3. Chapter 2. Contrastive analysis of compound adjectives in English and Ukrainian